《学前教育法》实施背景下普惠性学前教育的法治保障研究

Research on the Rule of Law Guarantee for Inclusive Preschool Education under the Implementation of the Preschool Education Law

摘要: 2024年《中华人民共和国学前教育法》正式通过并于2025年6月施行，该法全文共有23处提及“普惠性”相关表述，构建起普惠性学前教育发展的根本法治遵循，推动我国普惠性学前教育进入规范化发展新阶段。但当前我国普惠性学前教育在实践中仍面临立法配套不完善、资源分配不均衡、财政支持不健全、师资保障不足等法治困境，制约了其公益普惠、高质量发展目标的实现。本文将系统梳理《学前教育法》实施下普惠性学前教育的法治现状与初步成效，深入剖析现存法治困境及立法、执法、实践层面的根源，结合地方实践经验，从强化资源供给保障、健全财政支持机制、强化师资保障三个方面，提出针对性的法治保障完善路径。研究旨在推动《学前教育法》落地见效，破解普惠性学前教育发展困境，规范普惠性幼儿园办学行为，保障适龄幼儿平等享有高质量普惠性学前教育资源，为我国普惠性学前教育法治保障体系的完善提供理论参考与实践支撑。

Abstract: The Preschool Education Law of the People’s Republic of China was formally passed in 2024 and came into effect in June 2025. The law contains 23 references to “inclusiveness” in its text, establishing the fundamental legal framework for the development of inclusive preschool education and propelling it into a new stage of standardized development. However, in practice, inclusive preschool education in my country still faces legal challenges such as incomplete supporting legislation, uneven resource allocation, inadequate financial support, and insufficient teacher resources, hindering the realization of its public welfare, inclusiveness, and high-quality development goals. This article systematically reviews the current legal status and initial achievements of inclusive preschool education under the implementation of the Preschool Education Law, deeply analyzes the existing legal challenges and their root causes at the legislative, enforcement, and practical levels, and, based on local practical experience, proposes targeted pathways for improving legal safeguards from three aspects: strengthening resource supply guarantees, improving financial support mechanisms, and strengthening teacher resources. The study aims to promote the effective implementation of the Preschool Education Law, address the challenges in the development of inclusive preschool education, regulate the operation of inclusive kindergartens, ensure that eligible children have equal access to high-quality inclusive preschool education resources, and provide theoretical reference and practical support for the improvement of my country’s legal guarantee system for inclusive preschool education.