老龄化背景下基层普惠型养老服务的供需适配困境与优化机制研究

Research on the Supply and Demand Matching Dilemma and Optimization Mechanism of Grassroots Universal Elderly Care Services in the Context of Population Aging

摘要: 随着我国步入中度老龄化社会并向重度老龄化加速迈进，基层普惠型养老服务作为保障“老有所养”的核心载体，其供需适配程度直接关系到养老服务质量与民生福祉。本文基于国家统计局、民政部等权威数据及相关政策文件，结合基层养老服务实践案例，系统分析老龄化背景下基层普惠型养老服务的发展现状，深入剖析供需总量失衡、结构错配、资源分布不均、对接机制不畅等核心困境，并从需求识别、供给扩容、资源配置、技术赋能、政策保障、人才支撑六个维度，构建全方位的供需适配优化机制，为推动基层普惠型养老服务高质量发展、积极应对人口老龄化提供理论参考与实践路径。

Abstract: As China enters a moderately aging society and accelerates towards a severely aging one, grassroots inclusive elderly care services, as the core carrier for ensuring that the elderly are well cared for, directly affect the quality of elderly care services and people’s well-being. Based on authoritative data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, and related policy documents, combined with practical cases of grassroots elderly care services, this article systematically analyzes the current development status of grassroots inclusive elderly care services in the background of aging. It deeply examines core dilemmas such as the imbalance between supply and demand in total volume, structural mismatch, uneven distribution of resources, and unsmooth connection mechanisms. From the six dimensions of demand identification, supply expansion, resource allocation, technological empowerment, policy guarantee, and talent support, it constructs a comprehensive optimization mechanism for supply and demand matching, providing theoretical references and practical paths for promoting the high-quality development of grassroots inclusive elderly care services and actively responding to population aging.