现代化进程中人口老龄化：挑战、机遇与对策

Population Aging in the Process of Modernization: Challenges, Opportunities and Countermeasures

摘要: 人口老龄化作为我国长期基本国情，与我国发展进程深度交织，既带来多重现实挑战，也蕴含转型发展机遇。截至2025年，我国60周岁及以上老年人口高达3.23亿人，占全国人口比重升至23%，已进入中度老龄化社会，呈现城乡倒置、低龄主导、老富协同的鲜明特征。本文立足“人口规模巨大、全体人民共同富裕、物质文明与精神文明相协调”的核心要求，系统分析人口老龄化对经济高质量发展、社会治理现代化、民生福祉改善的现实挑战，深度挖掘银发经济、老年人力资源、社会文明进步潜在机遇，提出适配我国建设的应对路径，为以人口高质量发展支撑我国长远发展提供理论参考与实践借鉴。

Abstract: As a long-term basic national condition of China, population aging is deeply intertwined with the country’s development process, bringing not only multiple practical challenges but also opportunities for transformative development. As of 2025, the number of people aged 60 and above in China has reached 323 million, accounting for 23% of the national total population. China has thus entered a moderately aging society, marked by distinct features including urban-rural inversion, dominance of the young-old population, and synergy between aging and affluence. Based on the core requirements of “a huge population size, common prosperity for all people, and coordination between material progress and cultural-ethical advancement”, this paper systematically analyzes the practical challenges of population aging to high-quality economic development, modernization of social governance and improvement of people’s well-being. It also deeply explores the potential opportunities in the silver economy, elderly human resources and progress of social civilization, and puts forward response pathways adaptive to modernization drive, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical experience for supporting the country’s long-term development through high-quality population development.