社会工作介入城市社区嵌入式养老服务模式与运行机制研究——以A社区为例

Social Work Intervention in the Model and Operation Mechanism of Urban Community Embedded Elderly Care Services—A Case Study of Community A

摘要: 在我国人口老龄化持续深化、城市空巢独居老人养老需求日益凸显的背景下，嵌入式养老服务凭借“社区嵌入、就近可及、多元协同”的特征，成为城市社区养老服务的核心发展方向。社会工作作为专业助人力量，在整合社区资源、搭建协同网络、提供精准服务方面具有不可替代的价值。本文以南京市A社区“好邻居敲敲门”项目为研究对象，运用文献研究法与案例分析法，梳理社会工作介入嵌入式养老服务的相关研究成果，以社会支持理论、资源整合理论为支撑，剖析A社区“五社联动 + 公益赋能”实务模式、运行机制及实践成效，总结当前社区嵌入式养老服务存在的专业能力不足、资源可持续性弱、服务精细化不够、联动深度不足、数字化水平低等问题，并提出针对性优化对策，为社会工作介入城市社区嵌入式养老服务提供理论参考与实践借鉴，从而积极应对我国当下老龄化的挑战。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the deepening population aging in China and the increasingly prominent elderly care needs of empty-nesters and solitary elderly residents in urban areas, embedded elderly care services have become the core development direction of urban community elderly care services by virtue of their characteristics of “embedded in the community, accessible nearby, and multi-stakeholder collaboration”. As a professional helping force, social work plays an irreplaceable role in integrating community resources, building collaborative networks, and providing targeted services. Taking the “Good Neighbors Knock on Doors” project in Community A of Nanjing as the research object, this paper adopts the methods of literature research and case analysis to sort out relevant research findings on social work intervention in embedded elderly care services. Supported by social support theory and resource integration theory, it analyzes the practical model of “Five-Society Linkage + Public Welfare Empowerment”, operation mechanism and practical effects in Community A. It also summarizes the existing problems in current community embedded elderly care services, such as insufficient professional capacity, weak resource sustainability, inadequate service refinement, insufficient in-depth linkage, and low digitalization level, and puts forward targeted optimization countermeasures. This paper aims to provide theoretical references and practical experiences for social work intervention in urban community embedded elderly care services, so as to actively respond to the current challenges of population aging in China.