人口老龄化背景下我国农村养老服务的挑战与路径探析

Analysis of Challenges and Paths for Rural Elderly Care Services in China under the Background of Population Aging

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续深化的背景下，我国农村养老服务面临多重挑战。快速老龄化与“城乡倒置”趋势加剧了养老压力，家庭结构小型化和空巢化削弱了传统家庭养老功能，而经济基础薄弱、服务供给不足、专业人才短缺以及基础设施滞后等问题，进一步制约了农村养老服务体系的有效运转。与此同时，老年人需求日益多元化，已从基本生活保障向医疗照护、精神慰藉和社会参与等更高层次延伸。为破解困局，需推动互助养老激活内生资源，深化医养结合促进资源整合，借助数字技术提升服务精准性，并将长期护理保障纳入农村养老保险体系以强化制度支撑。通过政策引导、多元协同与因地制宜创新，构建覆盖全面、层次分明、可持续的农村养老服务体系，既是积极应对农村老龄化的关键举措，也是夯实乡村振兴民生根基的必然要求。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of an increasingly aging population, rural elderly care services in China are confronted with multiple challenges. The rapid aging process and the intensifying “urban-rural inversion” trend have exacerbated the pressure on elderly care. The miniaturization and empty-nest phenomenon of family structures have weakened the traditional family-based elderly care function. Meanwhile, issues such as a weak economic foundation, insufficient service supply, a shortage of professional talents, and lagging infrastructure further impede the effective operation of the rural elderly care service system. At the same time, the demands of the elderly are becoming increasingly diverse, extending from basic living security to higher-level needs such as medical care, mental comfort, and social participation. To break through this predicament, it is necessary to promote mutual assistance in elderly care to activate internal resources, deepen the integration of medical care and elderly care to facilitate resource integration, leverage digital technology to enhance service precision, and incorporate long-term care insurance into the rural pension system to strengthen institutional support. Through policy guidance, multi-party collaboration, and innovative measures tailored to local conditions, a comprehensive, multi-tiered, and sustainable rural elderly care service system should be established. This is not only a key measure to actively respond to rural aging but also an inevitable requirement for consolidating the foundation of people’s livelihood in rural revitalization.