温拌剂类型–含水率–老化程度对温拌沥青的影响研究

Research on the Effects of Warm-Mix Agent Type-Moisture Content-Aging Degree on Warm-Mix Asphalt

摘要: 为揭示温拌剂类型、含水率及老化程度三者耦合作用对温拌沥青性能的影响规律，明确多因素交互作用机制，本研究选取3种典型温拌剂(有机降粘型、泡沫型、化学改性型)，设置5个含水率梯度(0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%)及3个老化阶段(未老化、短期老化、长期老化)，构建三因素全因子试验矩阵。通过物理性能、流变性能及水稳定性测试，系统分析三者单独及耦合作用对温拌沥青性能的影响。采用多因素方差分析量化各因素及交互作用的显著性，并建立多元线性回归预测模型。结果表明：温拌剂类型、含水率及老化程度均对温拌沥青性能产生显著影响，其中主效应及两两交互作用达到极显著水平(p < 0.01)，三因素交互作用达到显著水平(p < 0.05)；泡沫型温拌剂抗水损害及抗老化能力最优；含水率每增加1%，未老化、短期老化及长期老化状态下温拌沥青延度分别平均下降5.2%、8.7%和12.3%，且老化程度加剧水分对沥青性能的劣化效应。建立的预测模型经残差分析及外部数据验证，相对误差小于5%，具有较高预测精度。研究结果为复杂环境条件下温拌剂科学选型及耐久性设计提供了定量依据。

Abstract: To reveal the influence laws of the coupling effect of three factors—the type of warm-mix agent, the moisture content, and the aging degree—on the performance of warm-mixed asphalt, and to clarify the mechanism of multi-factor interaction, this study selected three typical warm-mix agents (organic viscosity-reducing type, foam type, and chemical modification type), set up 5 moisture content gradients (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%) and 3 aging stages (un-aged, short-term aging, and long-term aging), and constructed a three-factor full-factor experimental matrix. Through physical properties, rheological properties, and water stability tests, the influence of the three factors alone and their coupling effect on the performance of warm-mixed asphalt were systematically analyzed. Multifactor variance analysis was used to quantify the significance of each factor and the interaction effect, and a multiple linear regression prediction model was established. The results show that the type of warm-mix agent, moisture content, and aging degree all have significant effects on the performance of warm-mixed asphalt. Among them, the main effect and pairwise interaction reach an extremely significant level (p < 0.01), and the three-factor interaction reaches a significant level (p < 0.05). The foam-type warm-mix agent has the best resistance to water damage and aging. For each 1% increase in moisture content, the elongation of warm-mixed asphalt in un-aged, short-term aging, and long-term aging states decreases by an average of 5.2%, 8.7%, and 12.3%, respectively. Moreover, the aging degree intensifies the deterioration effect of water on the performance of asphalt. The established prediction model was verified by residual analysis and external data, with a relative error of less than 5%, and has high prediction accuracy. The research results provide a quantitative basis for the scientific selection of warm-mix agents and durability design under complex environmental conditions.