大学生非自杀性自伤行为的发生率及相关因素研究
The Incidence and Related Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behaviors among College Students
摘要: 本研究旨在调查大学生非自杀性自伤(NSSI)行为的发生情况及其与童年创伤、情绪调节困难的关系。通过对414名高校学生进行在线问卷调查，结果显示，大学生NSSI发生率为19.10%；卡方分析发现，有NSSI行为组被试的童年创伤水平与情绪调节困难程度均显著高于无NSSI行为组；多元Logistic回归分析发现，无论是否控制住人口学变量，童年创伤和情绪调节困难分别对NSSI有显著的独立预测作用；但当童年创伤和情绪调节困难共同进入回归方程模式，只有童年创伤的预测作用显著。本研究结果发现了童年创伤和情绪调节困难是NSSI的风险因素，并特别强调了童年创伤作为NSSI关键远端风险因素的重要性，为高校开展针对性预防与干预提供了实证依据。
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among college students and its relationship with childhood trauma and emotion regulation difficulties. An online questionnaire survey of 414 college students was constructed. Results indicated that the NSSI rate was 19.10%. Chi-square analyses found that students with NSSI had significantly higher childhood trauma and emotion regulation difficulties compared to the non-NSSI group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that childhood trauma and emotion regulation difficulties were significant independent predictors of NSSI, regardless of demographic variable control, but when both childhood trauma and emotion regulation difficulties were included in the regression model, only childhood trauma retained significant predictive value. These results confirm childhood trauma and emotion regulation difficulties as NSSI risk factors, particularly highlighting childhood trauma as a key distal risk factor for NSSI. This work provides empirical evidence for universities to develop targeted NSSI prevention and interventions.
文章引用：刘弼娟, 刘盈盈, 石婉滢, 黄雨溪, 王嘉晨, 冯春 (2026). 大学生非自杀性自伤行为的发生率及相关因素研究. 心理学进展, 16(3), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.163143

参考文献

[1] 丁寒琴, 杨帆, 何夏君(2021). 情绪调节策略对抑郁障碍青少年非自杀性自伤行为的影响. 护理学杂志, 36(8), 62-65.
[2] 冯玉(2008). 青少年自我伤害行为与个体情绪因素和家庭环境因素的关系. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 华中师范大学.
[3] 傅文青, 姚树桥, 于宏华, 赵幸福, 李茹, 李英, 张艳青(2005). 儿童期创伤问卷在中国高校大学生中应用的信效度研究. 中国临床心理学杂志, (1), 40-42.
[4] 江光荣, 于丽霞, 郑莺, 冯玉, 凌霄(2011). 自伤行为研究: 现状、问题与建议. 心理科学进展, 19(6), 861-873.
[5] 陶思路, 毛国菊, 熊怡, 郭梦佳, 吴冬梅(2025). 中国大学生非自杀性自伤行为发生率和影响因素的Meta分析. 医学新知, 35(1), 83-91.
[6] 王国猛, 郭文, 沈金娇(2021). 简版情绪调节困难量表在中国大学生群体中的信效度. 中国临床心理学杂志, 29(5), 956-961.
[7] 赵婧宇, 赵思宇, 孙妍珺, 吕逸丽, 王伟(2023). 童年期不良经历与大学生非自杀性自伤行为的关联性. 江苏预防医学, 34(6), 683-686.
[8] 赵永祺, 胡雅梅(2024). 童年创伤对问题行为的影响. 心理月刊, 19(4), 236-240.
[9] Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-Regulation Strategies across Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 217-237.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Bjureberg, J., Ljótsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. et al. (2016). Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 284-296.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[11] Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Hogarth Press.
[12] Bresin, K., & Schoenleber, M. (2015). Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 38, 55-64.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Calvete, E., Royuela-Colomer, E., & Maruottolo, C. (2022). Emotion Dysregulation and Mindfulness in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury. Psychiatry Research, 314, Article ID: 114691.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Chapman, A. L., Gratz, K. L., & Brown, M. Z. (2006). Solving the Puzzle of Deliberate Self-Harm: The Experiential Avoidance Model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 371-394.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional Assessment of Emotion Regulation and Dysregulation: Development, Factor Structure, and Initial Validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54.[CrossRef] 
[16] Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). The Relationship between Emotion Dysregulation and Deliberate Self-Harm among Inpatients with Substance Use Disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34, 544-553.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] Hamza, C. A., & Willoughby, T. (2016). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Risk among Emerging Adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59, 411-415.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Hasking, P., Whitlock, J., Voon, D., & Rose, A. (2017). A Cognitive-Emotional Model of NSSI: Using Emotion Regulation and Cognitive Processes to Explain Why People Self-Injure. Cognition and Emotion, 31, 1543-1556.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] He, J., Zhong, Y., Song, Y., Luo, J., Lin, C., Wu, Y. et al. (2025). The Impact of Only-Child Status on Adolescent Mental Health: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study Using Propensity Score Matching in Western China. BMC Public Health, 25, Article No. 2140.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Heath, N. L., Toste, J. R., Nedecheva, T., & Charlebois, A. (2008). An Examination of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury among College Students. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 30, 137-156.[CrossRef] 
[21] Heleniak, C., Jenness, J. L., Vander Stoep, A., McCauley, E., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Childhood Maltreatment Exposure and Disruptions in Emotion Regulation: A Transdiagnostic Pathway to Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Psychopathology. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40, 394-415.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Hooley, J. M., Fox, K. R., & Boccagno, C. (2020). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: Diagnostic Challenges and Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 16, 101-112.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Huang, C., Yuan, Q., Ge, M., Sheng, X., Yang, M., Shi, S. et al. (2022). Childhood Trauma and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Psychological Sub-Health. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, Article 798369.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Kiekens, G., Claes, L., Hasking, P., Mortier, P., Bootsma, E., Boyes, M. et al. (2022). A Longitudinal Investigation of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Persistence Patterns, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes during the College Period. Psychological Medicine, 53, 6011-6026.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Kiekens, G., Hasking, P., Bruffaerts, R., Alonso, J., Auerbach, R. P., Bantjes, J. et al. (2021). Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among First-Year College Students and Its Association with Mental Disorders: Results from the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) Initiative. Psychological Medicine, 53, 875-886.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[26] Klonsky, E. D. (2007). The Functions of Deliberate Self-Injury: A Review of the Evidence. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 226-239.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Lang, J., & Yao, Y. (2018). Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Chinese Middle School and High School Students: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine, 97, e12916.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Liu, R. T., Scopelliti, K. M., Pittman, S. K., & Zamora, A. S. (2018). Childhood Maltreatment and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5, 51-64.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] McLaughlin, K. A., Weissman, D., & Bitrán, D. (2019). Childhood Adversity and Neural Development: A Systematic Review. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 1, 277-312.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Nock, M. K. (2009). Why Do People Hurt Themselves? New Insights into the Nature and Functions of Self-Injury. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 78-83.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Orlando, C. M., Broman-Fulks, J. J., Whitlock, J. L., Curtin, L., & Michael, K. D. (2015). Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Self-Injury: A Taxometric Investigation. Behavior Therapy, 46, 824-833.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Swannell, S. V., Martin, G. E., Page, A., Hasking, P., & St John, N. J. (2014). Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Nonclinical Samples: Systematic Review, Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44, 273-303.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Teicher, M. H., & Samson, J. A. (2016). Annual Research Review: Enduring Neurobiological Effects of Childhood Abuse and Neglect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57, 241-266.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Van der Kolk, B. (2014). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Penguin Books.