网络成瘾影响因素研究综述：基于个体、家庭与社会环境的交互作用整合视角

A Review of Research on Factors Influencing Internet Addiction: An Integrated Perspective of Interactions among Individuals, Families, and Social Environments

摘要: 本综述系统探讨网络成瘾的多维度影响因素及交互作用机制，从个体特质、家庭环境与社会环境三大核心层面展开深度剖析。个体层面，冲动性人格、孤独感等心理特质与需求显著提升成瘾风险；家庭层面，不良教养方式、代际数字鸿沟易诱发成瘾行为，权威型教养模式与情感支持则发挥保护性作用；社会环境层面，算法推送技术、同伴群体影响及文化价值观差异均对网络成瘾产生重要推动作用。研究发现，各因素并非孤立作用，而是通过个体–家庭、个体–社会、家庭–社会的多元交互模式加剧或缓解成瘾倾向。当前研究存在方法学局限、作用机制模糊及跨文化研究不足等问题。未来需强化纵向追踪与实验研究，深化多因素整合分析，开展本土化探索。基于研究结论，本文提出个体、家庭、社会多维度协同的预防干预策略，倡导发展智能化干预手段，为网络成瘾防治提供理论支撑与实践指导。

Abstract: This review systematically explores the multi-dimensional influencing factors and interaction mechanisms of Internet addiction, conducting an in-depth analysis from three core dimensions: individual traits, family environment, and social environment. At the individual level, psychological traits and needs such as impulsive personality and loneliness significantly increase the risk of addiction. At the family level, poor parenting styles and the intergenerational digital divide are prone to inducing addictive behaviors, while authoritative parenting styles and emotional support play a protective role. At the social environment level, algorithmic recommendation technology, peer group influence, and differences in cultural values all exert an important driving effect on Internet addiction. The study found that various factors do not act in isolation but exacerbate or alleviate addictive tendencies through multiple interaction modes, including individual-family, individual-society, and family-society. Current research has problems such as methodological limitations, vague mechanism of action, and insufficient cross-cultural research. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen longitudinal tracking and experimental research, deepen multi-factor integration analysis, and carry out localized exploration. Based on the research conclusions, this paper proposes a multi-dimensional collaborative prevention and intervention strategy involving individuals, families, and society, and advocates the development of intelligent intervention methods to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and treatment of Internet addiction.