英语短语动词结构的最简句法分析

A Minimalist Syntactic Account of the Phrasal Verb Construction in English

摘要: 本文在最简方案的理论框架下，通过vP壳和中心语移位分析英语短语动词结构。英语短语动词由动词词根与不及物介词构成，基础结构为连续结构(V-DP-P)，短语动词整体移位至轻动词v；分裂结构(V-DP-PP)通过动词词根单独移位生成，介词可投射为PP以允准附加语操作。短语动词的生成方式和介词的独立性是决定赋格限制的关键，连续结构中，介词干扰动词对代词的赋格，导致推导失败，分裂结构中动词词根与代词直接邻接，可明确完成宾格赋值，从而导致对代词宾语的位置。本文的分析同样可以解释日耳曼语族中短语动词生成和宾语移位机制，符合系统性和经济性原则。

Abstract: Within the theoretical framework of the Minimalist Program, this paper studies the structure of English phrasal verb by employing the vP shell and head movement. English phrasal verbs consist of verbal roots and intransitive prepositions, with their basic structure being the continuous structure (V-DP-P), where the phrasal verb undergoes holistic movement to the light verb v. The discontinuous structure (V-DP-PP) is derived through the independent movement of the verbal root, which allows the preposition to project into a PP to license adjunct operations. The generation mechanisms of phrasal verbs and the independence of prepositions are the key determinants of Case-assignment constraints: in the continuous structure, the preposition interferes with the verb’s Case assignment to pronominal objects, leading to derivation failure; in the discontinuous order, the verbal root is directly adjacent to the pronominal object, enabling the accusative Case assignment, thus resulting in positional constrains on pronominal objects. This analysis also explains the mechanisms of phrasal verb generation and object movement in Germanic languages, conforming to the principles of systematicity and economy.