接受美学视域下字幕翻译的跨文化重构——以《疯狂动物城》为例

Intercultural Reconstruction in Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics—A Case Study of Zootopia

摘要: 在全球化的影视传播中，字幕翻译是跨越语言与文化藩篱、实现作品意义再生的关键环节。传统的翻译研究多聚焦于语言层面的对等与忠实，而接受美学理论将关注点转向了译文读者(观众)的接受过程，为核心问题“如何让异域文本被目标文化观众有效理解与欣赏”提供了新的理论视角。本文以接受美学为理论框架，以迪士尼动画电影《疯狂动物城》的中文官方字幕为研究对象，探讨字幕翻译如何通过跨文化重构实现意义的有效传递与审美共鸣。文章首先梳理总结了接受美学的三个核心概念——“期待视野”、“审美经验”与“视野融合”在翻译研究中的应用。进而，结合具体案例，深入分析《疯狂动物城》字幕翻译中如何运用归化、意译、文化意象置换等策略，对原片中的文化负载词、幽默表达及价值观进行创造性重构，以顺应中国观众的认知语境、审美习惯与价值体系。研究表明，成功的字幕翻译并非简单的语言转换，而是在充分尊重观众“期待视野”的前提下，通过译者的主体性创造，实现源语文化与目标语文化之间的“视野融合”，最终完成跨文化的审美沟通与意义再生。

Abstract: In the global dissemination of film and television, subtitle translation serves as a crucial bridge across linguistic and cultural barriers, enabling the regeneration of meaning in audiovisual works. Traditional translation studies often focus on linguistic equivalence and fidelity, whereas Reception Aesthetics shifts the focus to the reception process of the target audience, offering a novel theoretical lens to address the core question: “How can foreign texts be effectively understood and appreciated by audiences in the target culture?” Guided by Reception Aesthetics, this paper examines the official Chinese subtitles of the Disney animated film Zootopia to explore how subtitle translation achieves effective meaning transfer and aesthetic resonance through intercultural reconstruction. The study begins by summarizing the application of three core concepts of Reception Aesthetics—“horizon of expectations”, “aesthetic experience”, and “fusion of horizons”—in translation studies. Subsequently, through detailed case analysis, it investigates how strategies such as domestication, liberal translation, and cultural image substitution are employed in the subtitle translation of Zootopia to creatively reconstruct culture-loaded terms, humorous expressions, and values in the original film, thereby adapting to the cognitive context, aesthetic preferences, and value system of Chinese audiences. The research demonstrates that successful subtitle translation is not merely a linguistic transfer but a process of intercultural aesthetic communication and meaning regeneration. This is achieved through the translator’s subjective creativity, which respects the audience’s “horizon of expectations” and facilitates a “fusion of horizons” between the source and target cultures.