生态翻译学视角下《骆驼祥子》方言俗语的英译策略研究

The Translation Strategies for Culture-Loaded Terms in Rickshaw Boy from the Perspective of Eco-Translatology

摘要: 方言俗语是中国文学“走出去”面临的核心挑战之一。老舍代表作《骆驼祥子》以其浓郁的“京味”语言著称，书中大量北京方言俗语构成了独特的艺术风格，也成为翻译的难点。葛浩文英译本在英语世界广受好评，其方言处理策略值得深入研究。本研究以生态翻译学的“三维转换”为理论框架，系统分析葛浩文对小说中方言俗语的英译策略。研究发现，在语言维，葛浩文通过句式重组与口语化转译，将北京方言转换为符合英语表达习惯的自然语言；在文化维，他灵活运用直译加注、意译归化、文化移植等策略，在保留地域色彩与确保读者理解之间寻求平衡；在交际维，他注重再现方言的语用功能与人物神韵，实现跨文化交际等效。研究表明，葛浩文的方言翻译实践体现了“文化传真”与“读者可读”的动态平衡，为中国乡土文学的外译提供了可资借鉴的策略范本。

Abstract: The translation of dialects and colloquial expressions poses one of the central challenges for Chinese literature in “going global.” Lao She’s masterpiece Rickshaw Boy is renowned for its distinctive “Beijing-flavored” language, with numerous Beijing dialects and colloquialisms constituting its unique artistic style and presenting significant difficulties for translation. Howard Goldblatt’s English version has been widely acclaimed in the English-speaking world, making his dialect translation strategies worthy of in-depth study. This research adopts the “three-dimensional transformation” of Eco-translatology as its theoretical framework to systematically analyze Goldblatt’s strategies for translating dialects and colloquial expressions in the novel. The findings reveal that: at the linguistic dimension, Goldblatt transforms Beijing dialects into natural language conforming to English expression habits through syntactic restructuring and colloquial transposition; at the cultural dimension, he flexibly employs strategies such as literal translation with annotations, free translation with domestication, and cultural transplantation to strike a balance between preserving regional color and ensuring reader comprehension; at the communicative dimension, he focuses on recreating the pragmatic functions and character nuances of the dialects to achieve cross-cultural communicative equivalence. The study demonstrates that Goldblatt’s dialect translation practice embodies a dynamic balance between “cultural fidelity” and “reader accessibility,” providing a strategic model worthy of reference for the international translation of Chinese native-soil literature.