基于本土自然资源的幼儿园户外探究课程开发与实践

Development and Practice of Kindergarten Outdoor Inquiry Curriculum Based on Local Natural Resources

摘要: 《3~6岁儿童学习与发展指南》中明确指出：“要珍视游戏与生活的独特价值，创设丰富的教育环境，合理安排一日生活，最大限度地支持和满足幼儿通过直接感知、实际操作和亲身体验获取经验的需要。”这为利用本土自然资源开展幼儿园户外探究课程提供了理论遵循。当前幼儿园课程普遍存在去自然化倾向，内容同质化严重，地域特色缺失。本研究以赤峰市为个案，通过问卷、访谈等方式调研当地幼儿园利用本土自然资源的现实困境，深入挖掘赤峰草原、红山文化等本土自然与文化资源的教育价值，针对性提出课程实施策略，结合地域特色设计完整的户外探究课程教案，构建具有赤峰地域特色的幼儿园户外探究课程体系及配套保障机制，为同类地区幼儿园课程改革提供可借鉴的经验模式。

Abstract: The “Guidelines for Learning and Development of Children Aged 3~6” clearly states: “Value the unique role of play and daily life, create a rich educational environment, reasonably arrange daily activities, and maximize support for and satisfaction of children’s needs to gain experience through direct perception, hands-on practice, and personal experience.” This provides theoretical guidance for using local natural resources to carry out outdoor inquiry courses in kindergartens. Currently, kindergarten curricula generally show a tendency toward being disconnected from nature, with serious content homogeneity and a lack of regional characteristics. This study takes Chifeng City as a case, investigating the practical difficulties local kindergartens face in utilizing local natural resources through questionnaires, interviews, and other methods, deeply exploring the educational value of local natural and cultural resources such as the Chifeng grasslands and Hongshan culture, proposing targeted curriculum implementation strategies, designing complete outdoor inquiry course plans with regional characteristics, and constructing an outdoor inquiry curriculum system and supporting mechanisms with Chifeng regional characteristics, providing a reference model for curriculum reform in kindergartens in similar areas.