冰雪运动锻炼对青少年儿童自我效能感的影响：运动成就动机的中介作用

The Impact of Ice and Snow Sports Participation on Self-Efficacy in Children and Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Achievement Motivation in Sport

摘要: 为系统探讨冰雪运动锻炼对青少年儿童自我效能感的影响及其内在作用机制，采用问卷调查法对391名青少年儿童进行调查。研究测量了青少年儿童的冰雪运动锻炼参与情况、自我效能感水平以及运动成就动机，并运用相关分析与中介效应分析对变量之间的关系进行检验。结果表明：(1) 冰雪运动锻炼对青少年儿童自我效能感具有显著的正向预测作用；(2) 运动成就动机在冰雪运动锻炼与青少年儿童自我效能感之间发挥显著的中介作用，即冰雪运动锻炼不仅可以直接提升青少年儿童的自我效能感，还可通过增强其运动成就动机进而间接提升自我效能感。研究结果有助于深化对冰雪运动锻炼影响青少年儿童心理发展的理解，揭示其作用路径及关键心理机制，并为冬奥会后冰雪运动背景下科学引导青少年儿童参与冰雪运动、促进其身心健康发展提供一定的理论依据与实践启示。

Abstract: To investigate the effects of participation in ice and snow sports on self-efficacy among children and adolescents and to clarify the underlying mechanisms, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted with 391 children and adolescents. Measures included engagement in ice and snow sports, self-efficacy, and achievement motivation in sport. Correlation analyses and mediation analyses were performed to examine the relationships among the variables. The results showed that: (1) Participation in ice and snow sports significantly and positively predicted self-efficacy in children and adolescents; and (2) Achievement motivation in sport played a significant mediating role in the relationship between participation in ice and snow sports and self-efficacy. Specifically, participation in ice and snow sports not only exerted a direct positive effect on self-efficacy, but also indirectly enhanced self-efficacy by strengthening achievement motivation in sport. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how ice and snow sports participation influences self-efficacy in children and adolescents, clarify the underlying psychological mechanisms, and provide theoretical and practical implications for promoting physical and mental health among children and adolescents in the post-Winter Olympics era.