渔业活动对潘集采煤塌陷湖泊生态系统营养结构和功能的影响

Impacts of Fishery Activities on the Trophic Structure and Ecological Function of the Panji Coal Mining Subsidence Lake Ecosystem

摘要: 采煤塌陷湖泊所支撑的渔业生产活动，已成为淮南矿区失地农民赖以生存的重要经济支柱，而不同的渔业经营方式可能对湖泊生态系统的结构组成与功能运行产生深远影响。本研究以淮南潘谢矿区的潘谢潘集湖泊为研究区，结合实地水生态调查数据与Ecopath模型构建手段，评估不同捕捞方式对塌陷湖泊生态系统结构与功能特征的调控效应。采煤塌陷湖具有较为复杂的营养网络结构，能量在主要营养级间的平均传递效率达16.08%。尽管大规模放养鲢、鳙等滤食性鱼类在一定程度上抑制了肉食性动物的种群发展，但相应提升了系统整体的能量总流量，反映出生态功能强度的增强。进一步分析显示，基于多鱼种配置的分散式捕捞策略，有助于维持食物网的多样性与稳定性，促进能量流动的高效运转。该研究揭示了适度干预的渔业管理模式可促进塌陷湖泊生态系统的健康发育，从而为类似矿区水域实现“稳产”与“生态可持续”双赢目标提供了可推广的实证范例。

Abstract: Fishery production in coal mining-induced subsidence lakes serves as a vital economic resource for landless farmers in Huainan. This study investigated the Panxie-Panji Lake using field surveys and an Ecopath model to assess the effects of fishing practices on ecosystem structure and function. Results show that Panxie-Panji Lake has a complex trophic network, with an average energy transfer efficiency of 16.08% across main trophic levels. Large-scale stocking of filter-feeding species (e.g., silver and bighead carp) suppressed carnivorous fish but increased total system throughput, enhancing ecological functionality. A dispersed, multi-species fishing strategy helped maintain food web stability and promoted efficient energy flow. The findings suggest that moderate fishery management can support the healthy development of subsidence lake ecosystems, offering a practical model for balancing sustainable yield and ecological sustainability in similar mining-affected waters.