黄河流域森林碳储量时空变化动态研究

Study on Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Forest Carbon Storage in the Yellow River Basin

摘要: 森林作为全球陆地生态系统最大的碳库，在抑制全球温室气体浓度上升和调节气候变化中发挥着重要作用，其碳储量的变化是判定森林是大气CO₂“源”或“汇”的重要依据。根据第6次到第9次这四次全国森林资源清查数据，研究了黄河流域森林植被碳储量、碳密度的时空动态变化。结果表明：(1) 从整体上来看，1999~2018年期间黄河流域森林植被总碳储量由235.37 Tg增加到363.34 Tg，森林植被的碳密度为38.77~40.04 t/hm²。(2) 黄河流域森林碳储量以中龄林为主，碳密度最高的则是过熟林。(3) 黄河流域天然林和人工林的碳储量均呈现出上升趋势，且天然林碳储量和碳密度均远大于人工林。(4) 黄河流域中游河段森林碳储量约是上游河段的1.95倍，但中游河段的碳密度仅为上游河段的60.70%。对黄河流域森林碳储量及动态变化进行研究，可以为该流域森林碳汇研究提供最新可靠数据，对科学制订流域内森林资源管理策略提供理论依据。

Abstract: As the largest carbon reservoir in the global terrestrial ecosystem, forests play an important role in restraining the rise of global greenhouse gas concentration and regulating climate change. The change of their carbon stocks is an important basis for determining whether forests are atmospheric CO₂ “sources” or “sinks”. Based on the data from the sixth to the ninth national forest resources inventory, the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation in the Yellow River Basin were studied. The results showed as follows: (1) On the whole, the total carbon storage of forest vegetation in the Yellow River Basin increased from 235.37 Tg to 363.34 Tg during 1999~2018, and the carbon density of forest vegetation varied from 38.77 to 40.04 t/hm². (2) The forest carbon storage in the Yellow River Basin is mainly middle-aged forest, and the highest carbon density is over-mature forest. (3) In the Yellow River Basin, carbon storage of natural forest and artificial forest showed an upward trend, and carbon storage and carbon density of natural forest were much higher than that of artificial forest. (4) The forest carbon storage of the middle reaches of the Yellow River basin is about 1.95 times that of the upper reaches, but the carbon density of the middle reaches is only 60.70% of that of the upper reaches. The study of forest carbon storage and dynamic change in the Yellow River Basin can provide the latest and reliable data for the study of forest carbon sink in the basin, and provide the theoretical basis for the scientific development of forest resource management strategies in the basin.