西北高山林区森林碳储量及固碳潜力评估

Assessment of Forest Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Potential in Northwest Alpine Forest Region

摘要: 森林是陆地生态系统最大的碳库，在陆地生态系统碳循环研究中占有十分重要的地位。本文以我国的西北高山林区为研究对象，利用6至9次全国森林资源清查资料，研究该林区森林碳储量在时间尺度上的动态变化，并估算其固碳潜力。结果表明：(1) 从龄级来看，四次森林资源清查数据中西北高山林区森林碳密度过熟林最高，碳储量中以成熟林为主。(2) 从森林起源来看，四次森林资源清查数据中西北高山林区天然林的碳储量远大于人工林，且随着时间的推移天然林和人工林的碳储量都呈现了一种上升的趋势。(3) 西北高山林区森林碳密度稳步增加，从53.18 t/hm²增加到55.50 t/hm²，仅增加了4.37%；碳储量从221.47 Tg增加到283.87 Tg，增加了28.17%，其增幅远高于碳密度增加幅度。(4) 从固碳潜力来看，第九次清查数据中西北高山林区的固碳潜力为143.04 Tg。分析西北高山林区森林碳储量及其空间分布，并评估其固碳潜力，可以为该区域森林生态系统保护管理和碳汇决策提供参考。

Abstract: Forest is the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystem and plays an important role in the study of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystem. Based on the data of six to nine national forest resource inventories, this paper studies the dynamic changes of forest carbon storage on a time scale and estimates its carbon sequestration potential in the northwest alpine forest region. The results indicate that: (1) From the perspective of age level, the carbon density of the over-mature forest was the highest in the four forest inventory data, and the carbon storage of the mature forest was the main one. (2) From the perspective of forest origin, the carbon storage of natural forest in the northwest alpine forest region is much greater than that of artificial forest in the four forest inventory data, and the carbon storage of both natural forest and artificial forest shows an upward trend over time. (3) The forest carbon density in the alpine forest areas of the northwest has increased steadily, rising from 53.18 t/hm² to 55.50 t/hm² with a moderate growth of merely 4.37%. In contrast, the carbon stock has surged from 221.47 Tg to 283.87 Tg, representing a substantial increase of 28.17%, which is far higher than the growth rate of carbon density. (4) In terms of carbon sequestration potential, the carbon sequestration potential of northwest alpine forest region was 143.04 Tg according to the 9th inventory data. The analysis of forest carbon storage and its spatial distribution, as well as the assessment of its carbon sequestration potential, can provide reference for forest ecosystem conservation management and carbon sink decision-making in the northwest alpine forest region.