环境刑法保护法益的确立

The Establishment of the Protection of the Legal Interest of Environmental Criminal Law

摘要: 我国环境刑法保护法益的学说存在“经济秩序说”、“公共安全说”、“社会管理秩序说”、“二元论”等不同观点，其背后蕴含着“纯粹人类中心主义”、“纯粹生态学中心主义”、“生态学的人类中心主义”的理论基础。“生态学的人类中心主义”意味着，环境刑法保护的法益不仅包括现时的人类利益，也包括未来的人类利益；环境犯罪对前者的侵害可以通过现时的人身、财产损害体现，对后者的侵害可以通过环境本身的损害作为体现。基于对“生态学的人类中心主义”的坚持，应当将“环境权”引入刑法，明确其外延包括现时的与未来的人类利益，并将其确立为环境刑法所保护的法益。

Abstract: There are different views of the legal interests protected by environmental criminal law in China, such as the “theory of economic order”, “the theory of public security”, “the theory of social management order”, and “the theory of dualism”, which are based on the theoretical foundations of “pure anthropocentrism”, “pure ecological centrism”, and “ecological anthropocentrism”. The “ecological anthropocentrism” means that the legal interests protected by environmental criminal law include not only the present human interests but also the future human interests. The environmental crime can be embodied in the personal and property damage of the former, and the environmental crime can be embodied in the damage of the environment itself. Based on the adherence to the “ecological anthropocentrism”, the “environmental right” should be introduced into the criminal law, and its extension should be defined as including the current and future human interests, and it should be established as the legal interest protected by the environmental criminal law.