社区志愿服务视域下老年人需求挖掘的现实困境与优化路径

Practical Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Demand Exploration for the Elderly from the Perspective of Community Voluntary Service

摘要: 社区志愿服务是精准捕捉老年人需求、缓解社区养老服务供需适配性不足的重要补充力量。然而，当前实践中普遍存在“重服务供给、轻需求研判”的倾向，系统化的需求挖掘机制与长效路径尚未形成。本文以天津市红桥区北岸社区为调研样本，聚焦社区志愿服务场景，系统解构老年人需求的层次结构，剖析志愿服务在需求识别中的独特优势，并结合调研实际对实践中的核心困境进行深度复盘。研究发现，当前面临三大核心困境：专业能力短板限制挖掘深度、资源整合不足阻碍需求转化、项目制运作引发可持续性危机，其深层成因在于人力资源与现实需求适配度不足、供需对接机制缺失。基于此，本文重新明晰大学生社区养老志愿服务的功能定位，从能力建设、资源协同、长效运营、精准识别等维度提出五项兼具实操性的优化对策，旨在推动社区志愿服务深度融入养老服务体系，实现老年人需求的精准识别与高效响应。

Abstract: Community voluntary service serves as an important supplementary force for accurately capturing the needs of the elderly and alleviating the inadequate matching between the supply and demand of community elderly care services. However, a prevalent tendency of “prioritizing service supply over demand research and judgment” exists in current practice, and a systematic mechanism and long-term path for demand exploration have not yet been formed. Taking the Bei’an Community in Hongqiao District of Tianjin as the research sample, this paper focuses on the scenario of community voluntary service, systematically deconstructs the hierarchical structure of the elderly’s needs, analyzes the unique advantages of voluntary service in demand identification, and conducts an in-depth review of the core dilemmas in practice based on the research reality. The study finds that three major core dilemmas are currently faced: the shortage of professional capabilities restricts the depth of demand exploration, the insufficient integration of resources hinders demand transformation, and the project-based operation triggers a sustainability crisis. The underlying causes lie in the inadequate adaptability of human resources to practical needs and the absence of a supply-demand docking mechanism. Based on this, the paper redefines the functional orientation of college students’ voluntary service for community elderly care, and puts forward five practical optimization countermeasures from the dimensions of capacity building, resource coordination, long-term operation and accurate identification. It aims to promote the deep integration of community voluntary service into the elderly care service system and realize the accurate identification and efficient response to the needs of the elderly.