线粒体在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的作用和 治疗新策略
The Role of Mitochondria in Age-Related Macular Degeneration and New Therapeutic Strategies
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1631023, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 曾慧娟：暨南大学第二临床医学院，广东 深圳；刘静雯, 卢怡洁：暨南大学附属深圳爱尔眼科医院，广东 深圳；刘东成：暨南大学附属深圳爱尔眼科医院，广东 深圳；爱尔眼科技术研究所，广东 深圳；秦 波*：暨南大学第二临床医学院，广东 深圳；暨南大学附属深圳爱尔眼科医院，广东 深圳；爱尔眼科技术研究所，广东 深圳
关键词: 线粒体；年龄相关性黄斑变性；视网膜色素上皮；Mitochondria； Age-Related Macular Degeneration； RPE
摘要: 年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是全球老年人不可逆性视力丧失的主要原因，其发病机制复杂。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞的线粒体功能障碍是AMD驱动的核心环节。在衰老和环境因素(如氧化应激)的共同作用下，RPE细胞中线粒体DNA损伤、活性氧(ROS)过量产生、线粒体动力学失衡以及线粒体自噬功能衰退相互交织，形成恶性循环。本综述系统阐述了线粒体在AMD病理进程中的关键作用，关注其作为氧化应激的主要来源、细胞凋亡的启动者以及细胞内稳态调控中心等多重角色，展望了以线粒体为靶点的AMD治疗新策略。
Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the elderly worldwide, and its pathogenesis is complex. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a central driver of AMD. Under the combined influence of aging and environmental factors such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics, and decline in mitophagy in RPE cells intertwine to form a vicious cycle. This review systematically outlines the key role of mitochondria in the pathological progression of AMD, focusing on their multiple roles as major sources of oxidative stress, initiators of apoptosis, and regulators of cellular homeostasis, and explores novel AMD treatment strategies targeting mitochondria.
文章引用：曾慧娟, 刘静雯, 卢怡洁, 刘东成, 秦波. 线粒体在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的作用和 治疗新策略[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 2284-2292. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1631023

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