|
[1]
|
Jonckheere, S., Adams, J., De Groote, D., Campbell, K., Berx, G. and Goossens, S. (2022) Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as a Therapeutic Target. Cells Tissues Organs, 211, 157-182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[2]
|
Yoshida, J., Ishikawa, T., Endo, Y., Matsumura, S., Ota, T., Mizushima, K., et al. (2020) Metformin Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Liver Metastasis of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Oncology Reports, 44, 371-381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[3]
|
Lamouille, S., Connolly, E., Smyth, J.W., Akhurst, R.J. and Derynck, R. (2012) TGF-β-Induced Activation of mTOR Complex 2 Drives Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Invasion. Journal of Cell Science, 125, 1259-1273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[4]
|
Wang, M., Zhang, J., Huang, Y., Ji, S., Shao, G., Feng, S., et al. (2017) Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Autophagy Enhances Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Medical Science Monitor, 23, 3904-3912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[5]
|
Il Jang, W., Kim, M., Kang, S.H., Jo, A.J., Kim, Y.J., Tchoe, H.J., et al. (2017) Association between Metformin Use and Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Localized Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea. Oncotarget, 8, 9587-9596. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[6]
|
Kim, H.M., Kang, M.J. and Song, S.O. (2022) Metformin and Cervical Cancer Risk in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study in Korea. Endocrinology and Metabolism, 37, 929-937. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[7]
|
Saito, A., Kitayama, J., Horie, H., Koinuma, K., Ohzawa, H., Yamaguchi, H., et al. (2020) Metformin Changes the Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cancer Science, 111, 4012-4020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[8]
|
Cheng, K. and Hao, M. (2016) Metformin Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via PKM2 Relative-mTOR/P70s6k Signaling Pathway in Cervical Carcinoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17, Article 2000. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[9]
|
Incio, J., Suboj, P., Chin, S.M., Vardam-Kaur, T., Liu, H., Hato, T., et al. (2015) Metformin Reduces Desmoplasia in Pancreatic Cancer by Reprogramming Stellate Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages. PLOS ONE, 10, e0141392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[10]
|
Huang, X., Sun, T., Wang, J., Hong, X., Chen, H., Yan, T., et al. (2023) Metformin Reprograms Tryptophan Metabolism to Stimulate CD8+ T-Cell Function in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Research, 83, 2358-2371. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[11]
|
Lu, Y., Xu, L., Chen, W., Liu, W., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Q., et al. (2025) Intrahepatic Microbial Heterogeneity in Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Its Association with Host Genomic and Transcriptomic Alterations. Cancer Discovery, 15, 1630-1648. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[12]
|
Jena, B.C., Das, C.K., Banerjee, I., Bharadwaj, D., Majumder, R., Das, S., et al. (2022) TGF-β1 Induced Autophagy in Cancer Associated Fibroblasts during Hypoxia Contributes EMT and Glycolysis via MCT4 Upregulation. Experimental Cell Research, 417, Article 113195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[13]
|
Arase, M., Horiguchi, K., Ehata, S., Morikawa, M., Tsutsumi, S., Aburatani, H., et al. (2014) Transforming Growth Factor‐β‐Induced LncRNA‐Smad7 Inhibits Apoptosis of Mouse Breast Cancer JygMC(a) Cells. Cancer Science, 105, 974-982. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[14]
|
Najafi, M., Farhood, B. and Mortezaee, K. (2019) Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Stiffness and Degradation as Cancer Drivers. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 120, 2782-2790. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[15]
|
Ma, Z., Sun, Q., Zhang, C., Zheng, Q., Liu, Y., Xu, H., et al. (2023) RHOJ Induces Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by IL-6/STAT3 to Promote Invasion and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 19, 4411-4426. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[16]
|
Wen, J., Zhao, Z., Huang, L., Wang, L., Miao, Y. and Wu, J. (2019) IL‐8 Promotes Cell Migration through Regulating EMT by Activating the Wnt/β‐Catenin Pathway in Ovarian Cancer. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 24, 1588-1598. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[17]
|
Chen, K., Luo, L., Li, Y. and Yang, G. (2025) Reprogramming the Immune Microenvironment in Lung Cancer. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, Article ID: 1684889. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[18]
|
Jia, H., Chen, X., Zhang, L. and Chen, M. (2025) Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Cancer Development and Therapy. Journal of Hematology & Oncology, 18, Article No. 36. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[19]
|
Hu, Z., Sui, Q., Jin, X., Shan, G., Huang, Y., Yi, Y., et al. (2024) IL6-STAT3-C/EBPβ-il6 Positive Feedback Loop in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes the EMT and Metastasis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 43, Article No. 63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[20]
|
徐森, 杨宗元, 靳平, 等. 二甲双胍通过下调IL-6抑制卵巢癌肿瘤相关成纤维细胞活性的研究[J]. 现代妇产科进展, 2016, 25(1): 1-5.
|
|
[21]
|
Wu, Z., Zhang, C. and Najafi, M. (2022) Targeting of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Metformin. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, 16, 333-348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[22]
|
Barrios-Bernal, P., Hernandez-Pedro, N., Orozco-Morales, M., Viedma-Rodríguez, R., Lucio-Lozada, J., Avila-Moreno, F., et al. (2022) Metformin Enhances TKI-Afatinib Cytotoxic Effect, Causing Downregulation of Glycolysis, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and EGFR-Signaling Pathway Activation in Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals, 15, Article 381. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[23]
|
Wang, Z., Xu, X., Xu, J. and Kong, L. (2025) Metformin Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation and Liver Metastasis by Up-Regulating miR-34a. World Chinese Journal of Digestology, 33, 215-224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[24]
|
Kitamura, F., Semba, T., Yasuda-Yoshihara, N., Yamada, K., Nishimura, A., Yamasaki, J., et al. (2023) Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Reuse Cancer-Derived Lactate to Maintain a Fibrotic and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer. JCI Insight, 8, e163022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[25]
|
Clay, R., Li, K. and Jin, L. (2025) Metabolic Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers, 17, Article 155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[26]
|
Kim, E.Y., Abides, J., Keller, C.R., Martinez, S.R. and Li, W. (2025) Tumor Microenvironment Lactate: Is It a Cancer Progression Marker, Immunosuppressant, and Therapeutic Target? Molecules, 30, Article 1763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[27]
|
Van der Vreken, A., Oudaert, I., Ates, G., Faict, S., Vlummens, P., Satilmis, H., et al. (2023) Metformin Confers Sensitisation to Syrosingopine in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Metabolic Blockage and Inhibition of Protein Synthesis. The Journal of Pathology, 260, 112-123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[28]
|
Kim, T.S., Lee, M., Park, M., Kim, S.Y., Shim, M.S., Lee, C.Y., et al. (2021) Metformin and Dichloroacetate Suppress Proliferation of Liver Cancer Cells by Inhibiting mTOR Complex 1. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, Article 10027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[29]
|
Wei, Z., Zhang, X., Yong, T., Bie, N., Zhan, G., Li, X., et al. (2021) Boosting Anti-PD-1 Therapy with Metformin-Loaded Macrophage-Derived Microparticles. Nature Communications, 12, Article No. 440. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[30]
|
Jin, M. and Jin, W. (2020) The Updated Landscape of Tumor Microenvironment and Drug Repurposing. Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 5, Article No. 166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[31]
|
Ni, W., Wu, J., Feng, Y., Hu, Y., Liu, H., Chen, J., et al. (2022) Metformin Reprograms Tumor Microenvironment and Boosts Chemoimmunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer. Biomaterials Science, 10, 5596-5607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[32]
|
To, K.K.W. and Cho, W.C. (2023) Drug Repurposing to Circumvent Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics, 15, Article 2166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[33]
|
Watson, M.J., Vignali, P.D.A., Mullett, S.J., Overacre-Delgoffe, A.E., Peralta, R.M., Grebinoski, S., et al. (2021) Metabolic Support of Tumour-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells by Lactic Acid. Nature, 591, 645-651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[34]
|
Gu, X., Yang, J., Lai, R., Zhou, Z., Tang, D., Hu, L., et al. (2025) Impact of Lactate on Immune Cell Function in the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, Article ID: 1563303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[35]
|
Lan, Q., Ouyang, A., Chen, Y., Li, Y., Zhong, B. and Deng, S. (2025) Pain, Lactate, and Anesthetics: Intertwined Regulators of Tumor Metabolism and Immunity. Frontiers in Oncology, 15, Article ID: 1534300. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[36]
|
Ji, X. and Xia, L. (2025) Lactate and Lactylation in Cancer: Drivers of Immune Suppression and Microenvironmental Reprogramming. Experimental Hematology & Oncology, 14, Article No. 128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
|
|
[37]
|
He, P., Dai, Q. and Wu, X. (2023) New Insight in Urological Cancer Therapy: From Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) to Application of Nano-Biomaterials. Environmental Research, 229, Article 115672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[38]
|
Carling, D. (2017) AMPK Signalling in Health and Disease. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 45, 31-37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[39]
|
Sugiura, K., Okabayashi, K., Seishima, R., Ishida, T., Shigeta, K., Tsuruta, M., et al. (2022) Metformin Inhibits the Development and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer. Medical Oncology, 39, Article No. 136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[40]
|
Liu, Z., Qi, S., Zhao, X., Li, M., Ding, S., Lu, J., et al. (2016) Metformin Inhibits 17β-Estradiol-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via Βklotho-Related ERK1/2 Signaling and AMPKα Signaling in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma Cells. Oncotarget, 7, 21315-21331. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[41]
|
Batlle, E. and Massagué, J. (2019) Transforming Growth Factor-Β Signaling in Immunity and Cancer. Immunity, 50, 924-940. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[42]
|
Xu, J., Lamouille, S. and Derynck, R. (2009) TGF-β-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Research, 19, 156-172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[43]
|
Liu, R., Zeng, Y., Lei, Z., Wang, L., Yang, H., Liu, Z., et al. (2014) JAK/STAT3 Signaling Is Required for TGF-β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Cells. International Journal of Oncology, 44, 1643-1651. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[44]
|
Cho, K.H., Jeong, K.J., Shin, S.C., Kang, J., Park, C.G. and Lee, H.Y. (2013) STAT3 Mediates TGF-β1-Induced TWIST1 Expression and Prostate Cancer Invasion. Cancer Letters, 336, 167-173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[45]
|
Zhao, S., Venkatasubbarao, K., Lazor, J.W., Sperry, J., Jin, C., Cao, L., et al. (2008) Inhibition of STAT3Tyr705 Phosphorylation by Smad4 Suppresses Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Invasion and Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancer Research, 68, 4221-4228. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[46]
|
Liu, Q., Tong, D., Liu, G., Xu, J., Do, K., Geary, K., et al. (2017) Metformin Reverses Prostate Cancer Resistance to Enzalutamide by Targeting TGF-β1/STAT3 Axis-Regulated EMT. Cell Death & Disease, 8, e3007-e3007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[47]
|
Park, J., Kim, Y., Park, E.H., Lee, S., Kim, H., Kim, A., et al. (2019) Effects of Metformin and Phenformin on Apoptosis and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition in Chemoresistant Rectal Cancer. Cancer Science, 110, 2834-2845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[48]
|
Mansour, R.M., Abdel Mageed, S.S., Abulsoud, A.I., Sayed, G.A., Lutfy, R.H., Awad, F.A., et al. (2025) From Fatty Liver to Fibrosis: The Impact of MiRNAs on NAFLD and Nash. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 25, Article No. 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[49]
|
Khidr, E.G., Abulsoud, A.I., Doghish, A.A., El-Mahdy, H.A., Ismail, A., Elballal, M.S., et al. (2023) The Potential Role of Mirnas in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases—A Focus on Signaling Pathways Interplay. Pathology-Research and Practice, 248, Article 154624. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[50]
|
Weidle, U.H., Ausländer, S. and Brinkmann, U. (2020) Micro RNAs Promoting Growth and Metastasis in Preclinical in Vivo Models of Subcutaneous Melanoma. Cancer Genomics-Proteomics, 17, 651-667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[51]
|
Burk, U., Schubert, J., Wellner, U., Schmalhofer, O., Vincan, E., Spaderna, S., et al. (2008) A Reciprocal Repression between ZEB1 and Members of the miR‐200 Family Promotes EMT and Invasion in Cancer Cells. EMBO reports, 9, 582-589. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[52]
|
Siemens, H., Jackstadt, R., Hünten, S., Kaller, M., Menssen, A., Götz, U., et al. (2011) miR-34 and SNAIL Form a Double-Negative Feedback Loop to Regulate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions. Cell Cycle, 10, 4256-4271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[53]
|
Wang, Y., Wu, Z. and Hu, L. (2018) The Regulatory Effects of Metformin on the [SNAIL/miR-34]:[ZEB/miR-200] System in the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(EMT) for Colorectal Cancer(CRC). European Journal of Pharmacology, 834, 45-53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[54]
|
Suwei, D., Yanbin, X., Jianqiang, W., Xiang, M., Zhuohui, P., Jianping, K., et al. (2022) Metformin Inhibits Melanoma Cell Metastasis by Suppressing the miR-5100/SPINK5/STAT3 Axis. Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters, 27, Article No. 48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[55]
|
Gu, Y., Zhang, B., Gu, G., Yang, X. and Qian, Z. (2020) Metformin Increases the Chemosensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Gemcitabine by Reversing EMT through Regulation DNA Methylation of Mir-663. OncoTargets and Therapy, 13, 10417-10429. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[56]
|
徐建昕, 管晨, 方雪娇, 等. 二甲双胍通过下调c-Myc增强他莫昔芬对乳腺癌的抗肿瘤作用[J]. 中国细胞生物学学报, 2019, 41(4): 601-610.
|
|
[57]
|
Yousef, M. and Tsiani, E. (2017) Metformin in Lung Cancer: Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Animal Studies. Cancers, 9, 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[58]
|
Wang, S., Lin, Y., Xiong, X., Wang, L., Guo, Y., Chen, Y., et al. (2020) Low-Dose Metformin Reprograms the Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Human Esophageal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Clinical Trial. Clinical Cancer Research, 26, 4921-4932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[59]
|
Lin, Y., Wang, S., Bremer, E. and Zhang, H. (2021) Harnessing the Soil: Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment Towards an Antitumor Immune State by Low‐Dose Metformin. Cancer Communications, 41, 637-641. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[60]
|
Ding, L., Liang, G., Yao, Z., Zhang, J., Liu, R., Chen, H., et al. (2015) Metformin Prevents Cancer Metastasis by Inhibiting M2-Like Polarization of Tumor Associated Macrophages. Oncotarget, 6, 36441-36455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|
|
[61]
|
Zhang, H., Chen, L., Zhao, Y., Luo, N., Shi, J., Xu, S., et al. (2023) Relaxin-Encapsulated Polymeric Metformin Nanoparticles Remodel Tumor Immune Microenvironment by Reducing CAFs for Efficient Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18, Article 100796. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
|