高尔基体蛋白73在慢性肝脏疾病中的研究进展

Research Progress of Golgi Membrane Protein 73 in Chronic Liver Diseases

摘要: 慢性肝脏疾病已成为威胁全球人类健康的重要公共卫生问题，是导致终末期肝病及相关死亡的主要原因之一，其发病多与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染、酗酒、代谢紊乱、自身免疫异常等因素相关。高尔基体蛋白73 (Golgi Membrane Protein 73, GP73)是定位于高尔基体的II型跨膜糖蛋白，在正常肝组织中低表达，而在各类慢性肝脏疾病进程中表达显著上调，与肝细胞癌(HCC)、肝纤维化/肝硬化、肝脏炎症等疾病的发生发展、病情进展及预后密切相关。相较于甲胎蛋白(AFP)等传统标志物，GP73在慢性肝脏疾病的早期诊断、病情评估、预后判断中展现出更高的敏感性和特异性，与其他无创指标联合检测还可进一步提升诊断准确性。本文综述GP73的生物学特性，并重点阐述其在HCC、肝纤维化/肝硬化、肝脏炎症等慢性肝脏疾病中的研究进展，为慢性肝脏疾病的临床诊疗及靶点开发提供参考。

Abstract: Chronic liver diseases have become a major public health problem threatening global human health and one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease and related deaths. Their pathogenesis is mostly associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol abuse, metabolic disorders, autoimmune abnormalities and other factors. Golgi membrane protein 73 (GP73) is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein localized in the Golgi apparatus, which is lowly expressed in normal liver tissues but significantly upregulated during the progression of various chronic liver diseases. It is closely related to the occurrence, development, disease progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, hepatic inflammation and other diseases. Compared with traditional markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), GP73 exhibits higher sensitivity and specificity in the early diagnosis, disease assessment and prognostic judgment of chronic liver diseases, and combined detection with other non-invasive indicators can further improve diagnostic accuracy. This article reviews the biological characteristics of GP73 and focuses on elaborating its research progress in chronic liver diseases such as HCC, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatic inflammation, so as to provide references for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and target development of chronic liver diseases.