丹寨县近30a气候特征及灾害性天气统计分析

Analysis of Climatic Characteristics and Disastrous Weather in Danzhai County over the Past 30 Years

摘要: 本文利用丹寨县1991~2020年的月平均气温、年平均积温、月平均降水量、月平均蒸发量及灾害性天气资料，对丹寨县气候特征及灾害性天气进行分析。结果表明：(1) 丹寨县近30a年平均气温、年平均积温、年平均降水量均呈现上升趋势，年平均蒸发量呈现下降趋势，大部分年份降水量大于蒸发量；(2) 丹寨县冬无严寒、夏无酷暑、雨量充沛、雨热同期、四季分明；(3) 丹寨县年平均暴雨4.2 d，暴雨主要出现在6~7月；年平均出现冰雹0.7 d，降雹天气主要出现在1月~5月、8月，年平均出现重旱以上4.9 d；年平均凝冻日数为20.8天，从11月开始出现凝冻天气，峰值出现次年在1月，3月趋于结束；(4) 丹寨县适宜种植对温差敏感、品质要求高的经济作物，以及多熟制和喜温作物，适宜发展全季旅游及康养旅居，同时需注意防范暴雨、冰雹、干旱、雪凝等灾害性天气，筑牢防灾减灾防线。

Abstract: Using data from the Danzhai County National Basic Meteorological Station during 1991 to 2020, analysis of climate characteristics and disastrous weather in Danzhai County. The results showed that: (1) In the past 30 years, the average temperature, accumulated temperature, and precipitation in Danzhai County have all shown an upward trend, while the average annual evaporation has shown a downward trend. In most years, the precipitation is greater than the evaporation. (2) Danzhai County has no severe cold in winter, no scorching heat in summer, abundant rainfall, simultaneous rain and heat, and distinct four seasons. (3) The annual average rainstorm in Danzhai County is 4.2 days, and the rainstorm mainly occurs from June to July; The annual average occurrence of hail is 0.7 days, and hail weather mainly occurs from January to May and August. The annual average occurrence of severe drought or above is 4.9 days. The annual average number of freezing days is 20.8 days, and freezing weather begins in November, with a peak in January the following year and tends to end in March. (4) Danzhai County is suitable for planting economic crops that are sensitive to temperature difference and have high quality requirements, as well as multi cropping and temperature loving crops. It is suitable for the development of all season tourism and health tourism. At the same time, attention should be paid to preventing rainstorm, hail, drought, snow and other disastrous weather, and building a strong defense line for disaster prevention and mitigation.