马克思主义人口理论视域下老年数字鸿沟成因与治理研究

Research on the Causes and Governance of the Digital Divide among the Elderly from the Perspective of Marxist Population Theory

摘要: 在人口老龄化与数字化进程加速交汇的背景下，老年数字鸿沟已成为制约老年人社会参与、影响数字时代社会公平的重要问题。基于马克思主义人口理论的分析框架，从“两种生产”理论、人口质量理论及技术异化理论出发，系统研究老年数字鸿沟的产生原因，研究发现，数字技术的“群体偏好”、实施主体的“数字偏好”及老年人数字素养不足是导致老年数字鸿沟的关键原因。因此，治理应坚持“技术理性”与“价值理性”相统一的基本原则，通过市场适老化改造、政府制度保障、家庭与社会数字反哺等多路径协同，构建涵盖顶层设计、基础设施、能力建设与友好环境的综合治理框架，推动数字时代老年群体友好型社会发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of population aging and accelerated digitalization, the digital divide among the elderly has emerged as a critical issue hindering their social participation and undermining digital-era equity. Using the analytical framework of Marxist population theory—specifically examining the “two types of production” theory, population quality theory, and technological alienation theory—the study systematically investigates the causes of this gap. Key factors identified include digital technology’s “group preferences”, the “digital preferences” of implementing entities, and insufficient digital literacy among older adults. To address this, governance should uphold the principle of integrating “technological rationality” with “value rationality”. Through coordinated efforts—including market adaptation for aging populations, government institutional safeguards, and digital support from families and society—the study proposes a comprehensive governance framework encompassing top-level design, infrastructure development, capacity building, and user-friendly environments. This approach aims to foster a digitally inclusive society that empowers the elderly.