城乡学前教育资源均衡配置的法律保障机制探析——以《学前教育法》倾斜性条款为核心

Analysis on the Legal Guarantee Mechanism for the Balanced Allocation of Preschool Education Resources in Urban and Rural Areas—Centering on the Preferential Clauses of the Preschool Education Law

摘要: 2025年6月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国学前教育法》，对学前教育的实施、完善和发展有着重要意义。该法以法律形式确立了学前教育公益普惠的发展方向，其中诸如“国家采取措施，倾斜支持农村地区、革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和欠发达地区发展学前教育事业”等倾斜性条款，力图纾解当下城乡学前教育质量参差不齐、教育资源分配不均等问题，为学前教育的普惠性和均衡性提供制度遵循。本文基于教育公平等理论，以《学前教育法》中针对农村及欠发达地区的倾斜性条款内容为核心，剖析当前城乡学前教育资源均衡配置在法律实施中的现实困境，为推动学前教育城乡均衡发展、构建优质普惠的学前教育公共服务体系提出一点有益启示。

Abstract: The Law of the People’s Republic of China on Preschool Education, which took effect on June 1, 2025, is of great significance to the implementation, improvement and development of preschool education. This law has established the public-welfare and inclusive development orientation of preschool education in legal form. Its preferential clauses, such as “the state adopts measures to tilt support for the development of preschool education in rural areas, old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and underdeveloped areas”, aim to alleviate the current problems of uneven quality and unequal distribution of educational resources in urban and rural preschool education, and provide institutional guidance for the inclusiveness and balanced development of preschool education. Based on theories such as educational equity, this paper focuses on the preferential clauses of the Preschool Education Law for rural and underdeveloped areas, analyzes the practical dilemmas in the legal implementation of the balanced allocation of urban and rural preschool education resources, and provides useful implications for promoting the balanced development of urban and rural preschool education and constructing a high-quality and inclusive public service system for preschool education.