数字经济视角下区块链技术赋能电子商务的作用机理与实现路径研究

Research on the Mechanisms and Implementation Pathways of Blockchain Empowering E-Commerce from the Perspective of the Digital Economy

摘要: 本文立足于数字经济背景之下，从区块链技术对电子商务的作用机理、实现路径以及约束边界展开研究。研究认为，区块链对于电子商务的赋能并不仅仅停留在信息透明度的提高上，它依靠的是可被验证的记录、可被编程的规则以及协同治理机制，来对电子商务的信息披露结构、数据权利边界、供应链合作关系、交易制度设置和产品全生命周期管理进行系统的改造。在此基础上，本文提出五条可落地的实现路径：可信披露路径、可控共享路径、协同契约路径、交易制度重构路径和全周期可信数据路径，同时认为路径落地要按照场景适配、制度配套、指标评价的原则进行。其次，从技术与数据基础、组织协同和平台治理、制度环境与经济性边界这三个方面来说明现实的限制以及适用条件。研究结果给优化平台治理、产业协同的升级以及监管制度的设计提供理论依据，也为以后进行实证和案例研究指明了方向。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the digital economy, this paper develops a theoretical framework to examine how blockchain technology empowers e-commerce by clarifying its operating mechanisms, implementation pathways, and boundary conditions. The study argues that blockchain-enabled empowerment extends beyond improving information transparency. By leveraging verifiable records, programmable rules, and collaborative governance arrangements, blockchain systematically reshapes key foundations of e-commerce, including information disclosure structures, data rights boundaries, supply chain collaboration relationships, transaction system configurations, and product lifecycle management. Building on this framework, the paper proposes five actionable implementation pathways: the trusted disclosure pathway, the controllable sharing pathway, the collaborative contracting pathway, the transaction-institution restructuring pathway, and the lifecycle trusted-data pathway. It further highlights that effective implementation should follow the principles of scenario fit, institutional complementarity, and indicator-based evaluation. In addition, the paper identifies three sets of practical constraints and applicability conditions, namely the technological and data infrastructure, organizational coordination and platform governance, and the institutional environment and economic feasibility boundaries. The findings provide theoretical implications for improving platform governance, promoting industrial collaboration upgrading, and informing regulatory system design, while also offering directions for future empirical and case-based research.