学校管理因素对职校学生学习认知的影响研究——基于一所职业学校的调查数据分析

A Study on the Influence of School Management Factors on Learning Cognition of Vocational School Students—Based on Survey Data Analysis of a Vocational School

摘要: 在全球产业变革与教育强国战略背景下，职业教育承担着培养具备高阶认知能力的技术技能人才的重要使命。本研究以一所职业学校为个案，通过问卷调查(有效样本761份)探究学校管理因素对学生学习认知的影响机制。研究发现：(1) 学生对学校管理的整体感知处于中等偏上水平，其中“教师教学实施”与“校园文化建设”得分较高，“教学评价体系”得分最低且分歧明显；(2) 学生学习认知整体表现中等偏上，但批判性思维中的“开放”维度与创造力中的“认知流动性”维度相对薄弱；(3) 学校管理各维度均与学习认知呈显著正相关，其中教学评价体系相关性最强(r = 0.672)；(4) 回归分析表明，教学评价体系、教师教学实施、校园文化建设及学校资源配置均对学习认知具有显著正向预测作用。基于此，研究提出应从评价改革、教学创新、文化营造与资源优化等方面系统提升学校管理效能，从而有效促进学生批判性思维与创造力的协调发展，为职业教育人才培养模式转型提供实证依据与实践路径。

Abstract: Under the background of global industrial transformation and the strategy of building a strong education nation, vocational education undertakes the important mission of cultivating technical and skilled personnel with high-level cognitive abilities. This study takes a vocational school as a case study and explores the influence mechanism of school management factors on students’ learning cognition through a questionnaire survey (761 valid samples). The study found that: (1) Students’ overall perception of school management was at a medium to high level, with “teacher teaching implementation” and “campus culture construction” scoring relatively high, while “teaching evaluation system” scored the lowest and showed significant discrepancies; (2) Students’ overall learning cognition was at a medium to high level, but the “openness” dimension in critical thinking and the “cognitive fluidity” dimension in creativity were relatively weak; (3) All dimensions of school management were significantly positively correlated with learning cognition, with the teaching evaluation system showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.672); (4) Regression analysis showed that the teaching evaluation system, teacher teaching implementation, campus culture construction, and school resource allocation all had significant positive predictive effects on learning cognition. Based on this, the study proposes to systematically improve school management effectiveness through evaluation reform, teaching innovation, cultural development, and resource optimization. This will effectively promote the coordinated development of students’ critical thinking and creativity, providing empirical evidence and practical pathways for the transformation of vocational education talent training models.