定日镜场地光学效率模拟中的蒙特卡洛光线跟踪方法中时间采样点灵敏度分析研究

A Study on the Sensitivity Analysis of Time Sampling Points in Optical Efficiency Simulation of Heliostat Fields Using Computer Simulation

摘要: 为提高塔式太阳能光热电站定日镜场对接收器的光学效率模拟的精度与计算效率，本文开展了时间采样点设置的灵敏度分析研究。通过构建融合Buie太阳模型、微表面散射模型及简化大气传输模型的光学仿真框架，以单位镜面面积年均输出热功率为评价指标，系统考察了日期采样(4日、12日、36日)与日内时段采样(5、7、13、25时点)对模拟结果的影响。研究基于GPU并行的蒙特卡洛光线追踪方法，实现了高效率的大规模镜场仿真。结果表明：时间采样密度与模拟精度显著相关，其中时段采样对结果的影响更为敏感；在相同计算资源下，“12日 × 13时点”采样方案可在保证模拟误差低于0.01%的同时，大幅降低计算成本，是兼顾精度与效率的较优策略。本研究为定日镜场光学仿真中的时间采样设置提供了定量依据，对提升镜场设计优化效率具有实际工程意义。

Abstract: To enhance both the accuracy and computational efficiency in simulating the optical efficiency of heliostat fields toward receivers in solar power tower systems, this paper conducts a sensitivity analysis on the selection of time sampling points. By establishing an optical simulation framework that integrates the Buie sun shape model, a micro-surface scattering model, and a simplified atmospheric transmission model, and using the Annual Flux per unit Area as the evaluation metric, the study systematically investigates the influence of date sampling (4, 12, and 36 days) and intraday time sampling (5, 7, 13 and 25 points) on simulation results. A GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo ray tracing method is employed to enable high-efficiency large-scale field simulation. The results indicate that time sampling density significantly affects simulation accuracy, with intraday sampling showing higher sensitivity. Under the same computational constraints, the “12 days × 13 time points” sampling strategy achieves a simulation error below 0.01% while substantially reducing computational costs, representing an optimal balance between accuracy and efficiency. This research provides a quantitative basis for time sampling configuration in optical simulations of heliostat fields and offers practical guidance for improving the efficiency of field design and optimization.