聚乳酸复合材料结晶调控与3D打印耗材优化

Crystallization Control of Polylactic Acid Composites and Optimization of 3D Printing Materials

摘要: 聚乳酸身为具备环境友好特性的生物降解材料，于3D打印领域展现可观的应用前景，但其存在结晶速率缓慢、耐热性能欠佳以及力学性能不充足等问题，限制了3D打印耗材的成型质量以及应用范围。本文依据3D打印工艺的实际需求以及聚乳酸复合材料应用时面临的难题，对结晶调控的关键影响因素开展系统的分析，探寻成核剂改性、工艺参数优化、复合材料复配等多种多样的结晶调控技术，构建“结晶调控–配方优化–工艺适配”的3D打印耗材优化体系，并通过对性能进行表征验证优化取得的效果一系列举措。为制备高性能的聚乳酸基3D打印耗材，以及拓展其在高端制造领域的应用，提供技术支撑以及实践参考。

Abstract: As an environmentally friendly biodegradable material, polylactic acid (PLA) demonstrates considerable application potential in 3D printing. However, issues such as slow crystallization rate, insufficient heat resistance, and inadequate mechanical properties limit the molding quality and application scope of 3D printing materials. Based on the practical requirements of 3D printing processes and the challenges faced in the application of PLA composites, this paper systematically analyzes the key influencing factors of crystallization control. It explores various crystallization regulation techniques, including nucleating agent modification, process parameter optimization, and composite material blending, to establish a “crystallization control-formulation optimization-process adaptation” optimization system for 3D printing materials. The effectiveness of the optimization is verified through performance characterization. These efforts provide technical support and practical references for the preparation of high-performance PLA-based 3D printing materials and the expansion of their applications in high-end manufacturing fields.