超高龄患者术前综合评估工具的 研究进展和临床应用

Research Progress and Clinical Application of Comprehensive Preoperative Evaluation Tools in Super-Elderly Patients

摘要: 随着全球人口老龄化加剧，超高龄患者在外科手术人群中的占比呈持续攀升的趋势，该群体面临着手术、麻醉风险更大，术后并发症和死亡率增加，术前综合评估对于保障其围术期安全、改善术后不良结局至关重要。本文从衰弱、认知功能、功能状态等多个维度出发，综述术前评估工具的研究进展与临床应用，并探讨基于评估结果的个体化围术期管理策略。研究发现，多种评估工具在超高龄患者术前综合评估中具有重要价值，但目前行业内尚缺乏统一标准，未来仍需加强多学科协作，共同完善术前评估体系，优化超高龄患者的围术期管理。

Abstract: With the increasing global aging, the proportion of super-elderly patients in the surgical population is continuously rising. Due to physiological deterioration, this population faces significantly higher surgical and anesthetic risks, accompanied by increased incidences of postoperative complications and mortality rate. Therefore, comprehensive preoperative evaluation is crucial for ensuring perioperative safety and improving adverse postoperative outcomes in these patients. Focusing on multiple core dimensions including frailty, cognitive function, and physical functional status, this article systematically reviews the research progress and clinical application of preoperative evaluation tools, and explores the key points of perioperative anesthetic management. Studies have demonstrated that various evaluation tools are of great value in the comprehensive preoperative evaluation of super-elderly patients; however, there is currently no unified standard in the industry. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen multidisciplinary collaboration, further improve the preoperative evaluation system, and optimize perioperative management strategies for super-elderly patients.