巢湖地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原分布 特征分析

Distribution Analysis of Allergens in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in Chaohu Area

摘要: 目的：测定变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)患者血清总IgE (total IgE, tIgE)及变应原特异性IgE (specific IgE, sIgE)水平，探究引发AR的变应原分布特征。方法：收集2024年4月至2025年7月于安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院就诊的184例AR患者血清样本，运用化学发光免疫分析法对tIgE及15种变应原sIgE进行检测。结果：在184例AR患者中，178例tIgE水平超出正常参考范围，182例存在至少一项变应原sIgE阳性。超半数AR患者仅对1种变应原过敏，多重过敏情况较少见。吸入性变应原过敏率显著高于食入性变应原。未成年组中，致敏率最高的为户尘螨/粉尘螨，其次为牛奶及点青霉/烟曲霉/链格孢/枝状枝孢；成年组中，致敏率最高的仍为户尘螨/粉尘螨，其次为蟑螂与葎草花粉。多数变应原的sIgE分级处于I至III级，仅户尘螨/粉尘螨的分级涵盖I级至VI级。成年组患者多仅对吸入性变应原过敏，而未成年组同时对吸入性和食入性变应原过敏的比例高于成年组。性别因素对阳性变应原种类影响较小。结论：单一过敏是AR患者的主要致敏模式，户尘螨/粉尘螨是巢湖地区AR患者最常见的强变应原。年龄因素(而非性别因素)对阳性变应原种类存在影响。

Abstract: Objective: To determine the levels of serum total IgE (tIgE) and allergen specific IgE (sIgE) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), and explore the distribution of allergens causing AR. Methods Serum samples obtained from 184 patients with AR who were treated in Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April 2024to July 2025, were subjected to tIgE and sIgE of 15 common allergens by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results Among the 184 AR patients, 178 cases of tIgE were higher than the reference value, and 182 patients were positive for at least one allergen sIgE. More than half of AR patients were monosensitized; fewer patients were polysensitized. The allergic rate of inhaled allergens is much higher than that of ingested allergens. In the juvenile group, the highest sensitization rate was Der p/Der f followed by milk and Penicillium notatum/Aspergillus fumigatus/Alternaria alternata/cladosporium. In the adult group, Der p/Der f had the highest sensitization rate, followed by cockroach and humulus pollen. Most of the allergens were graded from I to III, only Der p/Der f ranged from I to VI. The majority of adults were allergic only to inhaled allergens. However, the proportion of individuals allergic to inhaled and ingested allergens in the juvenile group was higher than that in the adult group. Gender had little effect on the type of positive allergens. Conclusions: Monosensitization is the main mode of AR patients. Der p/Der f are the most common allergens in patients with AR in the Chaohu Area. Age, rather than gender, affects the type of positive allergens.