基于文化适应理论的乡村健康科普模式优化与实证研究——基于黑龙江省牡丹江地区500名村民的调查

Optimization and Empirical Study of Rural Health Science Popularization Model Based on Cultural Adaptation Theory—A Survey of 500 Villagers in Mudanjiang Area, Heilongjiang Province

摘要: 目的：针对当前乡村健康科普存在的文化适应性不足与效能低下问题，本项目旨在构建并验证一套深度融合现代医学知识、地方文化资源与数字传播渠道的“文化适应型”健康科普干预模式。方法：采用社区干预研究设计，通过对黑龙江省牡丹江地区500名村民的问卷调研与深度访谈明确需求基线，继而实施以“非遗健康戏台”、“三色吉祥健康卡”、微信小程序“健康牡丹江”及本土健康宣传员培养为核心的综合性干预。结果：基线调研显示，干预前村民对“中风”的知晓率仅为35.0% (175/500)，“七步洗手法”正确掌握率为19.9% (99/500)，对本地草药文化的科学认知率为28.5% (143/500)。经6个月干预，上述核心指标显著提升至76.5% (383/500)、66.4% (332/500)和67.0% (335/500) (P < 0.001)。健康科普的村民满意度从42.1%提升至86.7%。结论：本研究表明，以地方文化为“根”，以数字技术为“翼”的“非遗传承·健康相随”模式，能有效弥补乡村健康传播的文化裂隙，是提升乡村居民健康素养的有效路径。

Abstract: Objective: In response to the current issues of insufficient cultural adaptation and low effectiveness in rural health science popularization, this project aims to construct and validate a “culturally adapted” health science popularization intervention model that deeply integrates modern medical knowledge, local cultural resources, and digital communication channels. Methods: A community intervention research design was adopted. Through questionnaire surveys and in-depth interviews with 500 villagers in the Mudanjiang area of Heilongjiang Province, the baseline needs were identified. Subsequently, a comprehensive intervention was implemented, focusing on the “Intangible Cultural Heritage Health Stage,” “Three-Colored Auspicious Health Card,” the WeChat mini-program “Healthy Mudanjiang,” and the training of local health promoters. Results: Baseline survey showed that before the intervention, villagers’ awareness rate of “stroke” was only 35.0% (175/500), the correct mastery rate of the “seven-step handwashing technique” was 19.9% (99/500), and the scientific cognition rate of local herbal culture was 28.5% (143/500). After six months of intervention, these core indicators significantly increased to 76.5% (383/500), 66.4% (332/500), and 67.0% (335/500), respectively (P < 0.001). Villagers’ satisfaction with health science popularization improved from 42.1% to 86.7%. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the “Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance·Health Companion” model, rooted in local culture and empowered by digital technology, can effectively bridge the cultural gap in rural health communication and is an effective pathway to improve the health literacy of rural residents.