高密度城区调蓄设施雨洪调控效能及运行参数优化研究

Study on Rainwater and Flood Regulation Efficiency and Operation Parameter Optimization of Storage Facilities in High-Density Urban Areas

摘要: 针对高密度滨海城市内涝风险防控需求，以上海市北外滩核心区(面积0.84 km²)为研究对象，基于SWMM模型构建研究区域排水系统模型，设置10a一遇、20a一遇2 h设计暴雨情景，系统研究调蓄池不同启用时刻(0~60 min，步长6 min)与排水泵站不同启动时刻(60、75、90、105 min)的组合调控效果，定量评估调蓄设施对地表径流峰值与溢流风险的削减能力。结果表明：调蓄池启用时刻对雨洪调控效果影响显著，10a一遇与20a一遇情景下，调蓄池于降雨开始后48 min启用时峰值流量削峰效果最优，削减率分别为21.60%和15.14%；于30 min与36 min启用时溢流节点数量削减率最为显著，分别为40.68%和44.78%，启用时刻晚于雨峰则调控效果迅速衰减。排水泵站启动时间需与调蓄池运行协同，90 min与105 min延迟启动可延长调蓄容积有效利用时段，避免后期流量回升；在统一调度规则下，调蓄池群存在“上游池满、下游池闲”的空间分配失衡问题，需采用精细化调度策略。本研究通过参数化模拟验证了“源头消峰–过程蓄滞–末端有序排放”模式在高密度城区的适用性，可为同类滨海高密度城市排水防涝系统优化调度提供技术支撑与决策依据。

Abstract: Aiming at waterlogging risk prevention in high-density coastal cities, this study takes the core area of North Bund in Shanghai (0.84 km²) as the research object, establishes a drainage system model based on SWMM, and sets two 2-hour design storm scenarios (10-year and 20-year return periods). It systematically studies the combined regulation effects of different storage tank activation times (0~60 min, 6 min interval) and drainage pumping station startup times (60, 75, 90, 105 min), quantitatively evaluating the reduction capacity of storage facilities on surface runoff peak and overflow risk. Results show that storage tank activation time significantly affects stormwater regulation. Under 10-year and 20-year return period storms, the optimal peak flow reduction (21.60% and 15.14%, respectively) is achieved when activated at 48 min after rainfall onset; the most significant reduction in overflow nodes (40.68% and 44.78%, respectively) occurs at 30 min and 36 min activation, with rapid effect attenuation if activated after the rainfall peak. Coordination between pumping station startup and storage tank operation is essential: delayed startup at 90 min and 105 min prolongs effective storage utilization and avoids late-stage flow rebound. A spatial imbalance (“full upstream tanks, idle downstream tanks”) exists in the storage tank group under unified scheduling, requiring refined strategies. This study verifies the applicability of the “peak reduction at source-storage in process-ordered discharge at terminal” mode in high-density urban areas, providing technical support for optimal scheduling of drainage and waterlogging control systems in similar coastal cities.