行业转型期基于“大创与竞赛”双驱动的土木工程专业本科生导师制改革探索

Exploration of Undergraduate Tutorial System Reform in Civil Engineering Major Driven by “Innovation & Entrepreneurship Training and Competitions” during Industry Transition Period

摘要: 当前，土木工程行业正处于从规模扩张向高质量发展转型的深度调整期，市场对人才的创新能力与工程实践素养提出了更高要求。面对“新工科”建设的新形势，传统本科生导师制在实施中出现了师生互动流于形式、指导内容与学生需求错位等问题。本文基于290份土木工程专业本科生调查问卷，结合教改重点项目实践，深入剖析了导师制运行现状。针对学生认知偏差大(52.07%)、指导频率低(38.62%极少交流)及科研训练需求迫切(64.48%渴望论文指导)等痛点，提出了构建以“大学生创新创业训练计划(大创立项)”和“学科竞赛”为双核心驱动力的导师制新模式。该模式通过分层级进阶式培养、全过程科研融入及多元化评价体系，旨在破解导师制指导内容空泛、师生互动流于形式的难题，提升学生的就业竞争力与升学深造率。

Abstract: Currently, the civil engineering industry is undergoing a deep adjustment period, transitioning from scale expansion to high-quality development. The market now places higher demands on talent’s innovation capabilities and practical engineering literacy. In the context of the “Emerging Engineering Education” initiative, the traditional undergraduate tutorial system has encountered issues such as superficial teacher-student interactions and misalignment between guidance content and student needs. Based on a survey of 290 undergraduate students majored in Civil Engineering, combined with the practice of key teaching reform projects, this paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current state of the tutorial system. Addressing key challenges such as significant cognitive biases among students (52.07%), low frequency of guidance (38.62% rarely communicate), and urgent demands for research training (64.48% desire paper guidance), this study proposes a new tutorial model driven by the “University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (Innovation Project)” and “Academic Competitions” as dual core forces. This model, through hierarchical progressive training, full-process integration of scientific research, and a diversified evaluation system, aims to address the challenges of the tutorial system, such as vague guidance content and superficial teacher-student interactions, and enhance students’ employability and further education prospects.