面向FSAE赛车的空气动力学套件设计与仿真

Design and Simulation of an Aerodynamic Kit for FSAE Racing Cars

摘要: 本文围绕大学生方程式赛车(FSAE)的高性能空气动力学套件开发，开展从目标设定、部件设计到仿真验证的全流程研究。基于大学生方程式赛事多弯、低速的赛道特点，论文确立了以高负升力、高升阻比及平衡的前后轴气动分配为核心的设计目标。据此，提出了一套流场整合思路下的前翼、尾翼和底板扩散器等气动套件设计方案。通过STAR CCM+软件进行CFD数值仿真，结果表明：该套件在80 km/h风速下负升力1506.1N，C_L∙A达到−5.25，升阻比为3.05，前后气动分配接近50%：50%，基本实现了设计目标，并能通过调节襟翼攻角和前翼离地间隙灵活调整气动分配。流场分析一方面验证了本设计的可行性，另一方面也揭示了轮边射流、扩散器后段分离等待优化的问题，为此提出了降低扩散角、引导前翼气流内洗等具体改进建议，为FSAE赛车的空气动力学设计提供了有价值的理论参考与实践案例。

Abstract: We present a comprehensive study on the development of a high-performance aerodynamic kit for Formula Student racing cars (FSAE), covering the entire process from goal setting and component design to simulation validation. Considering the multi-curve, low-speed characteristics of Formula Student racing tracks, the paper establishes core design objectives centered on high down-force, high lift-to-drag ratio, and balanced front-to-rear aerodynamic distribution. Based on these objectives, an integrated flow field approach is adopted to propose aerodynamic kit designs for the front wing, rear wing, and under-body diffuser. CFD simulations conducted using STAR CCM+ software demonstrated that at an 80 km/h wind speed, the kit achieved a C_L∙A of 5.25 and a drag-to-lift ratio of 3.05, with front-to-rear aerodynamic distribution approaching 50%:50%. This largely fulfilled the design objectives, while allowing flexible adjustment of aerodynamic distribution through flap angle and front wing ground clearance. The flow field analysis not only demonstrated the design's feasibility but also revealed optimization challenges such as wheel-edge jets and separation in the rear section of the diffuser. Specific improvement suggestions were proposed, including reducing the diffusion angle and guiding the front wing airflow inward. This provides valuable theoretical reference and practical case studies for aerodynamic design in FSAE racing cars.