最小意识状态患者与健康对照EEG微状态差异研究

EEG Microstate Differences between Patients with Minimally Conscious State and Healthy Controls

摘要: 目的：探索最小意识状态(Minimally Conscious State, MCS)患者与健康对照(Health control, HC)组脑电图(electroencephalography, EEG)微状态的差异。方法：本研究共纳入23例HCs以及28例MCS患者，采集静息态脑电图并计算脑电图微状态。使用重复测量方差分析对微状态核心参数进行统计分析。结果：MCS患者的微状态持续时间大于HC组，发生频率小于HC组。MCS患者的微状态A的覆盖率显著高于HC组(p = 0.007)，而微状态D则显著低于HC组(p = 0.042)。结论：MCS患者静息态脑电微状态存在显著异常，表现为持续时间延长、发生频率降低，以及低级感觉网络代偿增强、高级认知网络活性减弱，整体活动趋于僵化。这些变化揭示大脑功能网络失衡，为意识障碍的电生理机制提供了证据。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate differences in resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) microstates between patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: This study included 23 healthy controls and 28 MCS patients. Resting-state EEG data were acquired and subjected to microstate analysis. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to statistically compare core microstate parameters. Results: Compared with the HC group, MCS patients exhibited significantly longer microstate duration and lower occurrence. Coverage of microstate A was significantly higher in the MCS group than in the HC group (p = 0.007), whereas coverage of microstate D was significantly lower (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Resting-state EEG microstates in MCS patients show significant abnormalities, characterized by prolonged duration, reduced occurrence, compensatory hyperactivity in low-level sensory networks, and reduced activity in high-level cognitive networks, with overall neural dynamics becoming more rigid. These alterations reveal functional network imbalances in the brain and provide electrophysiological evidence for the mechanisms underlying disorders of consciousness.