饮食调控心血管疾病的新机制与干预研究进展

Research Progress on New Mechanisms and Interventions of Dietary Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases

摘要: 心血管疾病(CVD)是全世界死亡率最高的慢性疾病，饮食和CVD的相关性已延伸至分子机制、菌群互作、基因调控及饮食行为节律等多个领域。本文综述近年来饮食干预CVD的最新研究方向，包括多酚代谢物的靶向护心机制、中国的心脏健康饮食临床证据、饮食和基因相互作用的营养策略、饮食时间节律的心血管调控效应及植物性饮食的差异化保护作用，同时探讨现有研究的不足与未来研究方向，为CVD的饮食预防和个性化干预提供新的理论依据与实践思路。

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the chronic disease with the highest mortality rate worldwide. The correlation between diet and CVD has been extended to multiple fields including molecular mechanisms, microbiota interactions, gene regulation and dietary behavioral rhythms. This paper reviews the latest research directions of dietary intervention in CVD in recent years, including the targeted cardioprotective mechanisms of polyphenol metabolites, clinical evidence of heart-healthy diets in China, nutritional strategies for diet-gene interactions, the cardiovascular regulatory effects of dietary time rhythms, and the differential protective effects of plant-based diets. Meanwhile, the limitations of existing studies and future research directions are discussed, aiming to provide a new theoretical basis and practical ideas for dietary prevention and personalized intervention of CVD.