论农村集体经济组织成员资格的认定与纠纷解决路径

On the Determination of Membership in Rural Collective Economic Organizations and Pathways for Dispute Resolution

摘要: 《农村集体经济组织法》已于2025年5月1日起实施，本法明确了农村集体经济组织成员的概念以及成员资格认定的一般标准与特殊情形。一般标准要求成员资格认定必须同时满足户籍、权利义务关系以及满足基本生活保障等要素；特殊情形则聚焦妇女的权益保障以及特殊成员资格的得丧变动。这一变化对解决司法实践中成员资格的认定纠纷起到了指导作用，但仍存在救济程序可操作性不强、特殊群体成员资格认定标准不明晰以及一般标准非周延性不足的问题。针对这些问题，需要通过进一步厘清民事与行政诉讼受案范围就成员资格认定纠纷的分歧、明确成员资格认定一般标准的具体裁量规则以及划分成员资格认定过程中组织自治权与司法审查权的边界加以解决。

Abstract: Rural Collective Economic Organizations Law of China came into effect on May 1, 2025, which has core significance in clarifying the concept of members of rural collective economic organizations, as well as the general criteria and special circumstances for determining membership status. General standards require that membership recognition must simultaneously satisfy elements such as household registration, rights and obligations relationships, and fulfillment of basic livelihood security; special circumstances focus on safeguarding women’s rights and interests, as well as changes in the acquisition and loss of special membership status. This change has provided guidance for resolving disputes over membership determination in judicial practice, but issues remain regarding the limited practicality of remedial procedures, unclear standards for recognizing membership in special groups, and the non-exhaustive nature of general criteria. To address these issues, it is necessary to resolve the discrepancies in determining membership eligibility disputes by further clarifying the jurisdictional scope of civil and administrative litigation, establishing specific rules for exercising discretion in applying general standards for membership eligibility determination, and delineating the boundaries between organizational autonomy and judicial review authority in the process of membership eligibility determination.