制度型开放对企业国际化贸易影响分析——基于自由贸易试验区的准自然实验
An Analysis of the Impact of Institutional Openness on Enterprise International Trade—A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on Free Trade Zones
摘要: 在全球数字经济快速发展与国际经贸规则深刻重构的背景下，制度型开放已成为影响企业国际竞争力的重要制度基础。本文以中国自由贸易试验区的设立为准自然实验，基于2010~2021年A股上市公司微观面板数据，采用多期双重差分模型，系统考察制度型开放对企业国际化贸易的影响及其内在机制。研究发现，自贸区设立显著提升了区内企业国际化贸易收入，表明制度型开放对企业国际化贸易具有稳健的正向促进效应。机制检验结果进一步表明，数字技术创新在其中发挥了显著的中介作用，即制度型开放通过改善创新环境和要素配置条件，促进企业数字技术创新，进而增强其国际市场竞争能力。异质性分析显示，该政策效应在高技术行业、技术密集型企业以及高质量管理层企业更为显著。本文从企业微观层面为理解制度型开放的经济效应提供了新的经验证据，并为完善自贸区制度设计与推动企业深度参与国际分工体系提供了政策启示。
Abstract: Amid the rapid development of the global digital economy and the restructuring of international trade rules, institutional openness has become an important determinant of firms’ international competitiveness. Taking the establishment of China’s Pilot Free Trade Zones (FTZs) as a quasi-natural experiment, this study examines the impact of institutional openness on firms’ international trade performance and its underlying mechanisms. Using panel data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2010 to 2021 and a multi-period difference-in-differences (DID) approach, the results show that the establishment of FTZs significantly increases firms’ overseas trade revenues, indicating a robust positive effect of institutional openness on enterprise international trade. Further analyses reveal that digital technological innovation plays an important mediating role. Institutional openness promotes firms’ digital innovation by improving the innovation environment and facilitating factor allocation, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in international markets. The positive effects are more pronounced for firms in high-technology industries, technology-intensive firms, and firms with highly educated management teams. Overall, this study provides firm-level evidence on the economic effects of institutional openness and offers policy implications for improving FTZ institutional design and supporting firms’ deeper participation in global markets.
文章引用：王诗琪. 制度型开放对企业国际化贸易影响分析——基于自由贸易试验区的准自然实验[J]. 电子商务评论, 2026, 15(3): 902-911. https://doi.org/10.12677/ecl.2026.153349

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