人口结构变动背景下青年生育意愿的驱动机制与提升策略

Driving Mechanisms and Enhancement Strategies for Youth Fertility Intentions in the Context of Population Structure Changes

摘要: 新中国成立以来，我国人口增长模式发生了显著转变，从“高出生率、低死亡率、高增长率”转变为“低出生率、低死亡率、低增长率”。根据2021年第七次全国人口普查的数据，我国总和生育率仅为1.3，生育水平陷入低谷。当代青年作为生育的主力军，青年的生育意愿问题就备受诸多学者的关注。针对这一问题，学者们展开了诸多研究，深入分析影响生育意愿的多维因素，对青年生育意愿的学习，有助于制定更加精准高效的生育政策。本文对近年来我国青年生育意愿的有关文件资料进行整理，收集有关青年群体生育意愿的文献，系统梳理本课题领域的前沿进展，明确研究中的关键问题。研究结果表明，生育要争取政府、社会和企业更多的关注度和更大的支持力度，还需要根据各地不同的情况进行分析。从政策源头上消除青年对生育的错误认知；加强家庭文明建设，营造有利于适龄青年恋爱、结婚和生育的家庭环境条件；构建“生育友好型”社会，依法禁止职场中的婚育歧视性生育假政策等强制性工具等。

Abstract: Since the founding of New China, China’s population growth pattern has changed a lot—it went from “high birth rate, low death rate, high growth rate” to “low birth rate, low death rate, low growth rate”. Data from the 7th national population census in 2021 shows China’s total fertility rate is only 1.3, hitting a record low. Young people are the main group for having kids, so scholars have been paying a lot of attention to their willingness to have children. To figure this out, scholars have done tons of research, digging into all kinds of factors that affect young people’s choice to have kids. Understanding their thoughts on having children can help make better and more targeted fertility policies. This article sorts out documents and studies about young people’s fertility willingness in recent years, checks out the latest research in this area, and points out the key problems we need to solve. The results show that we need more support from the government, society, and companies for having kids, and we have to look at each region’s situation differently. We should fix young people’s wrong ideas about having kids through policies; build better family values to create an environment where young people feel comfortable dating, getting married, and having kids at the right age; and make our society “fertility-friendly”—like making sure there’s no discrimination against married or pregnant people at work, and that maternity leave policies are fair.