银发经济下老年消费权益保护研究——以保健品、智能养老产品为视角

Research on the Protection of Elderly Consumers’ Rights and Interests in the Silver Economy—From the Perspective of Health Products and Smart Elderly Care Products

摘要: 随着我国人口老龄化进程持续深化，银发经济已成为驱动经济高质量发展的新增长极，规模日益庞大的老年群体，其多元、升级的美好生活需要，正是扩大内需、畅通国民经济循环不可或缺的强劲动力。老年群体的消费需求也从求生存到追品质，保健品与智能养老产品凭借对老年群体健康保障、生活照料需求的精准适配，迅速成为老年消费市场的核心领域。但老年群体生理机能衰退、风险辨识能力较弱、数字素养不足的天然弱势等问题导致老年消费权益受侵害事件屡禁不止，这既严重损害了老年群体的人身财产权益与消费安全感，也制约了银发经济的健康有序发展。本文以保健品、智能养老产品消费场景为特定研究视角梳理银发经济下老年消费权益保护现状，深入剖析权益侵害的核心成因及现有保护体系的不足，借鉴日本先进立法与实践经验，结合我国国情，从法律体系完善、监管机制优化、维权渠道畅通、主体责任强化等维度提出针对性的老年消费权益保护完善路径。

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of population aging in China, the silver economy has become a new growth engine driving high-quality economic development. The increasingly large elderly group, with their diverse and upgraded needs for a better life, constitutes an indispensable and strong driving force for expanding domestic demand and smoothing the national economic cycle. The consumption demand of the elderly has shifted from survival to quality. By precisely meeting the elderly’s needs for health protection and daily care, health products and smart elderly care products have rapidly emerged as core sectors in the elderly consumption market. However, due to the inherent vulnerabilities of the elderly, such as declining physiological functions, weak risk identification ability, and insufficient digital literacy, infringements on the rights and interests of elderly consumers occur repeatedly. These practices not only seriously damage the personal and property rights and consumption security of the elderly, but also restrict the healthy and orderly development of the silver economy. From the specific perspective of consumption scenarios of health products and smart elderly care products, this paper sorts out the current situation of the protection of elderly consumers’ rights and interests under the silver economy, deeply analyzes the core causes of such infringements and the deficiencies of the existing protection system. Drawing on advanced legislation and practical experience from Japan and combining with China’s national conditions, it proposes targeted improvement paths for protecting elderly consumers’ rights and interests from the perspectives of perfecting the legal system, optimizing the supervision mechanism, smoothing rights protection channels, and strengthening the responsibilities of relevant subjects.