不同含水状态下煤矿地下水库坝体力学性能及损伤演化特征研究
Study on the Mechanical Properties and Damage Evolution Characteristics of Underground Reservoir Dams in Coal Mines under Different Water-Bearing Conditions
DOI: 10.12677/me.2026.142035, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 李成松*：安徽理工大学安全科学与工程学院，安徽 淮南；安徽理工大学煤炭无人化开采数智技术全国重点实验室，安徽 淮南；冯飞胜：安徽理工大学煤炭无人化开采数智技术全国重点实验室，安徽 淮南
关键词: 煤柱坝体；人工坝体；含水状态；力学性能；损伤演化；Coal Pillar Dam； Artificial Dam； Water-Bearing State； Mechanical Properties； Damage Evolution
摘要: 为探究含水条件下煤矿地下水库煤柱坝体与人工坝体的力学劣化与损伤演化机理，本研究采用相似材料制备煤柱及不同强度混凝土坝体(C30, C35, C40)试样，开展了干燥、自然含水及饱和状态下吸水特性、单轴压缩及声发射监测试验。结果表明，煤柱与混凝土单体含水率随浸水时间呈指数增长，煤体饱和含水率显著高于混凝土，且混凝土强度等级越高，其吸水能力越弱。随含水率增加，二者峰值应力与弹性模量整体呈“先增大后减小”趋势，饱和状态下水分软化作用导致承载能力显著降低，破坏模式由剪切主导逐渐向拉伸主导转变。声发射RA-AF特征表明，饱和状态下拉伸裂纹占比提高、声发射活动减弱。含水作用显著控制了煤柱与人工坝体单体的力学劣化及破坏机制，为地下水库坝体的稳定性评价提供了试验依据。
Abstract: To investigate the mechanical degradation and damage evolution mechanisms of coal pillar dams and artificial dams in underground coal mine reservoirs under water-bearing conditions, this study prepared coal pillar and concrete dam samples of different strengths (C30, C35, C40) using similar materials. Water absorption characteristics, uniaxial compression, and acoustic emission monitoring tests were conducted under dry, naturally water-bearing, and saturated conditions. The results showed that the moisture content of both coal pillars and concrete units increased exponentially with immersion time. The saturated moisture content of the coal was significantly higher than that of the concrete, and the higher the concrete strength grade, the weaker its water absorption capacity. With increasing moisture content, the peak stress and elastic modulus of both showed an overall trend of “initial increase followed by decrease”. Under saturated conditions, the softening effect of water significantly reduced the bearing capacity, and the failure mode gradually shifted from shear-dominated to tension-dominated. Acoustic emission RA-AF characteristics indicated that the proportion of tensile cracks increased and acoustic emission activity decreased under saturated conditions. The water-bearing effect significantly controlled the mechanical degradation and failure mechanisms of coal pillars and artificial dam units, providing experimental evidence for the stability evaluation of underground reservoir dams.
文章引用：李成松, 冯飞胜. 不同含水状态下煤矿地下水库坝体力学性能及损伤演化特征研究[J]. 矿山工程, 2026, 14(2): 328-337. https://doi.org/10.12677/me.2026.142035

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