长宽比对建筑屋顶光伏屋面风荷载特性的影响

The Effect of Aspect Ratio on Wind Load Characteristics of Building Roof Photovoltaic

摘要: 太阳能光伏板在如今的应用越来越广泛，而板类结构为风敏感结构，因此应对其抗风性能进行研究。本文采用刚性模型风洞测压试验，研究了三种长宽比(1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1)的屋顶架空式光伏屋面在0˚~90˚风向角下的平均、脉动及极值风压系数的分布特征。结果表明：长宽比对屋顶架空光伏屋面的风压分布特性具有较大影响。随着长宽比的增大，光伏屋面平均、脉动和极值风压系数幅值整体呈增大趋势，最大平均、脉动及极值净风压系数均集中在迎风前缘角部区域。最不利极值净风压系数随风向角变化呈现先增大后减小的规律，并在30˚风向角下达到最大值。对于较大风向角(75˚和90˚)，迎风边长度的变化导致不同长宽比模型的极值风压幅值差异减弱，表明长宽比是影响光伏屋面风荷载的重要几何因素。

Abstract: Solar photovoltaic panels are increasingly widely applied today. As panel structures are wind-sensitive, research into their wind resistance performance is essential. This study employs rigid-model wind tunnel pressure measurement tests to investigate the distribution characteristics of average, pulsating, and peak wind pressure coefficients for three aspect ratios (1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1) of rooftop elevated photovoltaic systems under wind directions ranging from 0˚ to 90˚. Results indicate that the aspect ratio significantly influences wind pressure distribution characteristics on elevated rooftop PV systems. As the aspect ratio increases, the magnitude of average, pulsating, and peak wind pressure coefficients generally rises, with maximum average, pulsating, and peak net wind pressure coefficients concentrated in the leading edge corner region. The most unfavorable peak net wind pressure coefficient exhibits a pattern of first increasing and then decreasing with wind direction angle, reaching its maximum at a 30˚ wind direction angle. For larger wind direction angles (75˚ and 90˚), variations in the length of the windward side cause the differences in peak wind pressure amplitude among models with different aspect ratios to diminish, indicating that the aspect ratio is a crucial geometric factor influencing wind loads on photovoltaic roofs.