SENEX基因介导急性髓细胞白血病免疫逃逸的机制研究
Study on the Mechanism of SENEX Gene-Mediated Immune Escape in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1631121, PDF, HTML, XML,   
作者: 凌 渊, 陈天平*:安徽医科大学儿童医学中心,安徽 合肥;安徽医科大学第五临床医学院,安徽 合肥
关键词: SENEX基因免疫逃逸应激性衰老急性髓细胞白血病SENEX Gene Immune Evasion Stress-Induced Senescence Acute Myeloid Leukemia
摘要: 目的:SENEX基因介导急性髓细胞白血病免疫逃逸的机制研究。方法:(1) 留取实验组患儿及正常健康对照儿童的血清,采用密度梯度离心法可得到外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC)。将CD4+ CD25+ CD127low界定为Treg细胞的表型标志,分别采用流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry, FC)、实时定量PCR (QRT-PCR)和酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA),测定相关样本中Treg细胞的占比、FoxP3 mRNA的表达量,以及血清中TNF-α、IL-10、IL-17、TGF-β1等细胞因子的浓度。(2) 采集3名健康儿童对照和4名初诊AML患儿的外周血,各取10 ml;分离并保留血清,经密度梯度离心获得外周血单个核细胞。利用流式细胞术分选并纯化CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞与CD4+ CD25效应T细胞(Teffs),并且在体外进行短时间的原代培养,24小时后评估自发性凋亡;并以不同浓度H2O2诱导氧化应激损伤,通过流式分析Annexin V (+)凋亡细胞的比例。(3) 采用RNA干扰策略特异性下调Treg/Teff细胞中SENEX基因的表达,在体外建立SENEX-siRNA转染的Treg/Teff细胞模型。运用QRT-PCR检测Treg/Teff细胞内SENEX及促凋亡相关基因P53、P16、P21、Caspase-3的mRNA表达水平,并用流式细胞术统计Annexin V (+)凋亡细胞的比例。结果:(1) 初诊儿童AML外周血Treg细胞比例显著增高。同时,AML患儿外周血FoxP3基因mRNA表达显著高于儿童健康对照(p < 0.05)。与健康儿童对照组相比,AML患儿血清中IL-10 (11.17 ± 1.08 pg/ml)、IL-17 (21.78 ± 3.69 pg/ml)、TGF-β1 (12.51 ± 1.02 ng/ml)及TNF-α (21.35 ± 4.16 pg/ml)的水平均显著升高;而其血清IL-2浓度(165.29 ± 26.45 pg/ml)较对照组(409.24 ± 90.81 pg/ml)明显降低,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。(2) 初诊AML患儿外周血中Treg细胞的自发性凋亡率明显低于Teff细胞;H2O2诱导的Treg/Teff细胞凋亡呈剂量依赖关系,在相同剂量H2O2作用下,Teff细胞的诱导凋亡率始终高于Treg细胞,差异具有统计学意义。(3) 以100 μM H2O2处理2小时,可明显提高AML患儿Treg与Teff细胞的凋亡比例,分别达到11.2% ± 2.6%和13.1% ± 4.3%。在体外建立SENEX基因SiRNA转染Treg/Teff细胞模型后发现,与单纯H2O2处理2 h的Treg细胞比较,转染后加用H2O2处理2 h的Treg细胞凋亡相关基因P53、P16、P21和Caspase-3 mRNA表达均明显升高(2-ΔΔCT分别为6705.73 ± 1124.07、253.08 ± 16.01、154.58 ± 35.12和5135.79 ± 985.47;p < 0.05)。此外,在相同处理条件下,干扰SENEX基因表达的转染组可显著提高Treg细胞的凋亡率(21.5 ± 3.4%);在Teff细胞(13.9 ± 3.1%)中则未观察到该抗凋亡效应。这说明,H2O2诱导下SENEX基因能够抵抗Treg细胞凋亡,但对Teff细胞凋亡无抵抗作用。结论:在AML发病进程中,SENEX基因通过P16INK4A/Rb途径诱导细胞周期停滞,使AML患者Treg细胞获得抗凋亡能力,促使其外周Treg累积,从而促进了AML细胞的免疫逃逸。
Abstract: Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which the SENEX gene mediates immune escape in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: (1) Serum was collected from children in the experimental group and healthy control children. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. CD4+ CD25+ CD127low was defined as the phenotypic marker of Treg cells. The proportion of Treg cells, the expression level of FoxP3 mRNA, and the concentration of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-17, and TGF-β1 in the relevant samples were measured by flow cytometry (FC), quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (2) Peripheral blood specimens (10 ml per sample) were obtained from 3 healthy children and 4 children newly diagnosed with AML. Serum was separated and retained, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained by density gradient centrifugation. PBMCs were isolated, and CD4+ CD25+ Tregs and CD4+ CD25 Teffs were purified and sorted by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the cells were cultured in vitro for a short period of time, and spontaneous apoptosis was assessed after 24 hours. Oxidative stress damage was induced by different concentrations of H2O2, and the proportion of Annexin V (+) apoptotic cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. (3) RNA interference was employed to selectively knock down SENEX expression in Treg/Teff cells, thereby establishing an in vitro SENEX-siRNA transfection model. mRNA transcripts of SENEX and proapoptotic genes (P53, P16, P21, Caspase-3) levels in Treg and Teff cell groups were determined by QRT-PCR; apoptosis rate (Annexin V-positive cells%) was detected by flow cytometry. Results: (1) Peripheral blood Treg frequency was markedly higher in children with newly diagnosed AML. Simultaneously, FoxP3 gene mRNA expression in AML children was significantly higher than in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Compared to the healthy control group, serum concentrations of IL-10 (11.17 ± 1.08 pg/ml), IL-17 (21.78 ± 3.69 pg/ml), TGF-β1 (12.51 ± 1.02 ng/ml), and TNF-α (21.35 ± 4.16 pg/ml) were significantly elevated in AML children, while the serum IL-2 concentration (165.29 ± 26.45 pg/ml) was significantly lower than in healthy controls (409.24 ± 90.81 pg/ml, p < 0.05). (2) The spontaneous apoptosis rate of Tregs from newly diagnosed AML children was significantly lower than that of Teff cells. H2O2-induced apoptosis in Treg/Teff cells showed a dose-response relationship. At the same H2O2 concentration, the induced apoptosis rate was consistently higher in Teff cells than in Tregs, with a statistically significant difference. (3) Treatment with 100 μM H2O2 for 2 hours significantly increased the apoptosis rate in both Tregs (11.2% ± 2.6%) and Teff cells (13.1% ± 4.3%) from AML children. The SENEX gene siRNA transfection model in Treg/Teff cells was successfully established in vitro. Compared with Treg cells treated with H2O2 alone for 2 h, the expression of apoptosis-related genes P53, P16, P21 and Caspase-3 mRNA in Treg cells after transfection and subsequent H2O2 treatment for 2 h was significantly increased (2-ΔΔCT values were 6705.73 ± 1124.07, 253.08 ± 16.01, 154.58 ± 35.12 and 5135.79 ± 985.47, respectively; p < 0.05). Under the same treatment conditions, SENEX-siRNA transfection significantly increased the apoptosis rate of Tregs (21.5 ± 3.4%). However, no SENEX-mediated anti-apoptotic effect was observed in Teff cells (apoptosis rate 13.9 ± 3.1%). These results indicate that the SENEX gene can antagonize H2O2-induced apoptosis in Tregs but not in Teff cells. Conclusion: In the pathogenesis of AML, the SENEX gene induces cell cycle arrest through the P16INK4A/Rb pathway, enabling AML patient Treg cells to acquire anti-apoptotic capabilities, promoting the accumulation of peripheral Tregs, and thus facilitating the immune escape of AML cells.
文章引用:凌渊, 陈天平. SENEX基因介导急性髓细胞白血病免疫逃逸的机制研究[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 3157-3164. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1631121

1. 背景

AML发病率约占儿童、青少年急性白血病的20%,随年龄增长发病率升高,而且进展迅速,致死率高[1]。随着诊断以及治疗体系的逐渐完善,儿童AML的治愈率达65%以上,较前明显提高。鉴于AML属于源自造血干细胞的恶性克隆性病变目前其治疗已经进入平台期[2]。因此,探索AML发病机制,并以此为基础研发针对性的治疗措施,对于改善AML患儿预后有重要意义。急性髓系白血病(Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML)发生发展过程非常复杂,CD4+ CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)、与其相关的细胞因子介导的肿瘤免疫逃逸是近些年来研究AML的重要切入点[3]-[5]。迄今为止,在血液系统恶性肿瘤,以及包括乳腺癌[6]、肝细胞癌[7]、结肠癌[8]、膀胱癌[9]等多种实体瘤中,皆可见外周Treg细胞累积的现象。

2004年,研究者证实成功克隆了与细胞老化相关的SENEX基因。该基因在机体多种器官及外周血白细胞中均有表达。SENEX编码的蛋白包含Rho GTP酶激活蛋白(Rho GAP)功能结构域;而Rho家族蛋白与肿瘤发生紧密相关,能够调控基因转录,并参与细胞周期、衰老与凋亡等过程的控制[10]-[13]。Coleman等人的研究显示,在人血管内皮细胞中上调SENEX表达后,会出现多种衰老相关的增殖抑制表型:β-半乳糖苷酶活性(SA-β-GAL)显著增强,细胞周期阻滞在G1期等,且这些变化与过表达的SENEX基因高度相关。进一步观察发现,由SENEX基因过表达触发的内皮细胞衰老并未伴随端粒缩短;同时,作为复制性衰老典型标志而通常会上调的三个基因——IL-1α (interleukin-1α)、COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2)和PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1)——在SENEX基因过表达时其表达并未增加。综上所述,SENEX诱发的衰老是应激性早期衰老(stress-induced premature senescence, SIPS),而不是复制性衰老(replicative senescence, RS)。在使用过氧化氢(H2O2)为刺激诱导细胞程序性死亡的实验体系中,高表达SENEX基因的内皮细胞呈抗凋亡表型。SENEX上调的内皮细胞屏障更加牢固;即使有TNF-a存在也不受其激活而促进中性粒细胞及单核细胞的粘附,并减少IL-8的产生,对TNF-a诱导的凋亡也起到保护作用[14]。而在SIPS中,衰老细胞进入生长阻滞阶段,但是它们仍有能力重新进入细胞周期[15]。SIPS细胞在许多细胞因子的作用下可以再次分化而恢复增殖。因此,SENEX可能通过使细胞进入“休眠”样状态来规避凋亡,进而促使细胞逐步积累。如上述,SENEX基因可能通过诱导应激性衰老使Treg细胞获得抗凋亡的能力。细胞进入衰老状态依赖特定的信号传导网络来实现,其中起决定性作用的两条通路分别由P16INK4A/Rb轴与P19ARF-P53-P21Cip1轴所主导。当这些通路中的关键调控因子的表达发生变化时,细胞可能出现衰老延后,或逃避衰老而继续增殖。位于上述两条衰老信号通路枢纽位置的是若干抑癌基因产物,包括Rb、P16INK4A、P53、P19ARF及P21Cip1蛋白[16] [17]。Coleman等报道显示,当SENEX基因过量表达时,内皮细胞中P53与P21蛋白水平未见改变,而P16的mRNA与蛋白水平均上调,同时Rb蛋白的高磷酸化状态显著下降[14]。视网膜母细胞瘤抑制蛋白(retinoblastomaprotein, Rb)是CDK4/6激酶(cyclin-dependent kinases)的主要底物之一,当其处于未磷酸化形态时,可通过与E2F因子结合并遮挡其转录激活区,进而压制细胞从G期过渡到S期所需的下游基因的表达,最终使细胞增殖停滞并进入静息状态[17]

这些研究结果均提示,SENEX基因可能是通过活化P16INK4A/Rb途径诱导细胞周期停滞,使AML患者Treg细胞获得凋亡抵抗的能力,促使其外周Treg累积,从而促进了AML细胞的免疫逃逸。为检验该假设,本研究计划收集急性髓系白血病患儿及健康对照者的血清与外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),使用多种分子生物学方法测定调节性T细胞比例(CD4+ CD25+ CD127low)、FoxP3 mRNA表达水平及血清中细胞因子,如TGF-β1、IL-10、IL-2、TNF-α等的浓度;从健康对照与初次诊断的AML患儿PBMC中分离纯化CD4+ CD25高表达的Treg和CD4+ CD25阴性Teff细胞原代培养后测得培养24 h的自发性凋亡百分比,并用不同浓度H2O2诱导氧化应激,观察其凋亡敏感度(AnnexinV+);使用SENEX-siRNA在分离得到Treg/Teff中特异沉默SENEX基因,并测定氧化应激下促凋亡基因(P53, P16, P21, Caspase-3) mRNA表达水平以及细胞凋亡率(Annexin V+比例),以期阐明SENEX在调节Treg/Teff细胞抗凋亡能力中的作用。

2. 材料与方法

2.1. 细胞

初诊AML患儿外周血及健康儿童外周血Treg细胞、Teff细胞。其中,所有AML患者均按照WHO相关诊断标准明确诊断,健康儿童均通过健康体检排除血液/造血系统疾病和其他系统性疾病;且标本留取均在实验前履行告知义务,并取得家长的知情同意。

2.2. 药物及试剂

RPMI-1640和OPTI-MEM培养液、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum, FBS)购于美国Gibco公司;24孔和96孔细胞培养板购于美国Costar公司;25 mL培养瓶购于美国Corning公司;单抗(CD3, CD28)、细胞因子(重组人IL-2)及H2O2溶液购于Sigma公司;地塞米松磷酸钠注射液购自蚌埠丰原涂山制药有限公司等。

2.3. 主要仪器

Table 1. General clinical characteristics of the study subjects

1. 研究对象一般临床资料

实验分组

年龄区间

年龄均值

例数

性别(例数)

初诊儿童AML

8月~14岁

5.35岁

35

17

18

健康儿童对照组

9月~14岁

5.75岁

38

19

19

流式细胞仪由贝克曼库尔特公司购入,PowerPac Basic Power Supply购买自BIO-RAD公司,显微镜均选购自日本Olympus (奥林巴斯)公司,生物安全柜来自新加坡艺思高科技有限公司,培养箱采购于日本Thermo公司,低、高速离心机(TG-16, TG16-WS)由科大创新股份有限公司提供,Model 550酶联分析仪购置于美国GIBICO公司,PCR仪来自赛默飞公司,Centrifuge 5417R型高速冷冻离心机、移液枪为德国Eppendorf品牌,国产细胞计数板等。

Table 2. Primer sequences for QRT-PCR

2. QRT-PCR引物序列

Name

Sequences (5 3’)

SENEX-Forward

TTGCTCTGTTTTCCAGATTGGA

SENEX-Reverse

GCCCCAGTGCTTGAGGCT

Caspase-3-Forward

TAGTGTGTGTGTTGCTCAGTC

Caspase-3-Reverse

CTCGACAAGCCTGAATAAAG

P53-Forward

CCCGGATGGAGATAACTTG

P53-Reverse

CACAGTTGTCCATTCAGCAC

P16-Forward

TCTGAGCTTTGGAAGCTCTCA

P16-Reverse

GAGAACTCAAGAAGGAAATTGG

P21-Reverse

ATGCAGCTCCAGACAGATGA

P2-Forward

CGCAAACAGACCAACATCAC

GAPDH-Reverse

TGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGC

GAPDH-Forward

GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG

2.4. Treg细胞比例与功能验证

选取安徽省儿童医院血液肿瘤科自2015年5月至2019年5月初次诊断为急性髓系白血病(Acute Myeloid Leukemia, AML)的35例患儿外周静脉血作为样本,实验组与对照组患儿一般临床资料见表1所示。留取实验组患儿以及正常健康对照儿血清,用密度梯度离心法分离外周血单个核细胞(Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, PBMC),以CD4+ CD25+ CD127low定义Treg细胞的表型标记物,分别应用流式细胞仪检测(Flow Cytometry, FC)、定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(QRT-PCR) (表2)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),检测上述标本Treg细胞百分比、FoxP3 mRNA表达量及血清细胞因子TGF-β1、IL-10、IL-2、IL-17和TNF-α等的浓度情况。

Table 3. Sequences of siRNA-SENEX for RNA interference

3. RNA干扰SiRNA-SENEX序列

Name

Sequences (5 3’)

SiRNA-SENEX-homo-236

GCACCACCAUCAAAGUUAUTT

AUAACUUUGAUGGUGGUGCTT

SiRNA-SENEX-homo-1189

GGAGCUGCCAUUAGAAUCATT

UGAUUCUAAUGGCAGCUCCTT

SiRNA-SENEX-homo-436

GCCGGUUUAUCCAAUCUCUTT

AGAGAUUGGAUAAACCGGCTT

2.5. SENEX基因在Treg凋亡抵抗中的作用

分别从3名健康儿童对照者和4名初次确诊AML患儿采集每例10 mL外周血,分离并保留血清后,采用密度梯度离心法获取外周血单个核细胞。随后利用流式细胞分选技术纯化CD4+ CD25hi调节性T细胞(Treg)与CD4+ CD25效应T细胞(Teff),进行短期体外原代培养;再以100 μM过氧化氢(H2O2)处理以诱发氧化应激损伤,最后通过流式细胞术检测Annexin Ⅴ阳性凋亡细胞的比例。

2.6. SENEX调控P16INK4A/Rb通路的分子机制

利用终浓度为100 μM的过氧化氢溶液诱导经流式细胞仪纯化及分选出的外周血CD4+ CD25+ Treg和CD4+ CD25 Teff原始培养细胞产生氧化应激损伤;应用RNA干扰方法(表3)在Treg/Teff细胞内特异性沉默SENEX基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测SENEX和促凋亡基因P53、P16、P21及Caspase-3的mRNA表达情况并用流式细胞术检测Annexin V阳性凋亡细胞比例。

3. 结果与结论

初诊儿童AML外周血Treg细胞比例显著增高:(7.14 ± 0.41%)。同时;儿童AML患儿外周血FoxP3基因mRNA表达显著增加(2-ΔΔCT = 0.0198 ± 0.0081)要显著高于儿童健康对照组(2-ΔΔCT = 0.0031 ± 0.00015),差异均有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。儿童AML患儿外周血多种细胞因子分泌呈失衡状态:相较健康对照儿童,其血清IL-10 (11.17 ± 1.08 pg/ml)、IL-17 (21.78 ± 3.69 pg/ml)、TGF-β1 (12.51 ± 1.02 ng/ml)及TNF-α (21.35 ± 4.16 pg/ml)水平均显著升高,而IL-2血清浓度为165.29 ± 26.45 pg/ml,较健康对照组的409.24 ± 90.81 pg/ml明显降低,上述差异具有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。Treg累积与AML免疫抑制微环境相关,通过FoxP3和细胞因子谱证实,其功能增强可能促进肿瘤逃逸。

对初诊AML患儿外周血Treg和Teff细胞分别进行原代培养并在24 h后检测其自发凋亡情况,发现相同的培养条件及时间下(24 h),Treg自发凋亡百分率(AnnexinV阳性细胞)显著低于Teff (Treg: 3.53 ± 0.17%, Teff: 5.78 ± 0.46%),提示患儿外周Treg具有抗凋亡性。进一步采用不同浓度的过氧化氢(H2O2)诱导两类细胞凋亡发现:H2O2处理对Treg细胞与Teff细胞均可诱导其发生细胞凋亡,且可见二者均表现为浓度依赖的剂量–效应关系。

以不同浓度梯度H2O2 (25、50、100及150 μM)分别处理Treg细胞2小时后,即时测得的凋亡率为4.3 ± 0.32%、4.9 ± 0.48%、5.7 ± 0.41%和9.7 ± 0.95%;同样测得Teff细胞凋亡率分别为5.1 ± 0.53%、5.7 ± 0.76%、6.8 ± 0.75%及11.7 ± 1.04%。同浓度H2O2处理对比可见,Treg细胞的凋亡比例始终低于Teff细胞的凋亡比例,且差异具有统计学意义。抑制SENEX基因表达使Treg凋亡率由11.2%升高到21.5%,且促凋亡基因表达增加,包括P16 mRNA增加253倍;由此可见,SENEX基因抑制促凋亡途径(P16INK4A/Rb),从而增强了Treg的抗凋亡作用,并使其积累。

① 在体外建立SENEX基因SiRNA导入的Treg/Teff细胞模型后,实时定量PCR结果显示:采用脂质体LipofectaininTM2000进行SiRNA-SENEX转染时,Treg与Teff细胞中SENEX mRNA的表达抑制幅度均在80%以上。② SENEX基因对H2O2诱发的Treg细胞凋亡具有抵抗作用。100 μM H2O2-2 h处理组,可见显著提高AML患儿Teff细胞和Treg细胞的凋亡比例,分别达到13.1 ± 4.3%和11.2 ± 2.6%;并且,在相同处理条件下,转染SENEX-SiRNA组会明显提高Treg细胞的凋亡水平(21.5 ± 3.4%);在Teff细胞(13.9 ± 3.1%)中,不能观察到SENEX基因介导的抗凋亡现象。实验结果可说明,SENEX基因可抵抗Treg细胞在H2O2诱导下发生凋亡,而对Teff细胞凋亡无抵抗作用。相同地,在初诊AML患儿Treg细胞中转染SENEX特异性siRNA后,凋亡相关基因表达水平明显升高:Caspase-3 mRNA、P21、P16、及P53的表达均显著增加(2-ΔΔCT分别为:5135.79 ± 985.47、154.58 ± 35.12、253.08 ± 16.01及6705.73 ± 1124.07),组间比较差异均有统计学意义。sRNA转染组与单纯H2O2-2h处理组比较,p < 0.05。

4. 讨论

外周聚集的Treg细胞能够通过多种途径削弱AML患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而促成肿瘤的免疫逃逸。研究提示,外周Treg增多与其对凋亡的耐受性增强密切相关。在Foxp3-IRES-GFP基因同源重组BALB/c小鼠的试验中,IL-2可选择地促进Bimlo表型CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞的分化和扩展;而BrdU掺入诱导的T细胞凋亡情况下,外周积聚的Treg死亡率明显降低[18]。由此推测,综上所述,在AML中Treg数量及比例增加主要由Treg凋亡降低所导致。

无论成人还是儿童,初诊AML患者外周血及骨髓内Treg比例均明显高于对照组[19]-[22]。这些Treg既可通过分泌IL-10、TGF-β等抑制性因子[5] [14]显著抑制CD4+ CD25效应性T细胞(Teff)的增殖与细胞因子产生[19],亦能抑制过继转移的肿瘤抗原特异性CTL的扩增和扩散[23] [24]。因此,Treg及其相关抑制性细胞因子构成了促使AML细胞逃避免疫监视与抗肿瘤应答的关键因素。有研究指出,AML患者体内Treg细胞的异常聚集与疾病的发生与复发高度相关[3] [4] [25];进一步显示,Treg数量的增加既可能源于天然Treg (nTreg)自身具备独特的抗凋亡保护机制[26],也与衰老、肿瘤细胞等因素诱导形成的适应性Treg细胞(iTreg)有关[27];此外还有报道指出,一方面,伴随体外培养的过继性免疫细胞扩增的Treg细胞可能成为限制其最大免疫杀伤效应的关键因素[28],另一方面,使用优化培养方案降低其中的Treg细胞比例,则可显著提升其在体外对AML细胞的杀伤效应[29]。本研究首次阐明SENEX基因在儿童AML发病进程中的重要作用,初步论证了SENEX基因介导儿童AML细胞免疫逃逸的作用机制;首次阐明基因对AML患儿外周Treg累积的作用机制,阐述SENEX基因对Treg细胞衰老、凋亡的影响。因此,我们认为SENEX基因或许可以作为AML治疗的潜在靶点。

总体而言,在AML的发展过程中,SENEX基因或可通过上调P16INK4A蛋白活性,妨碍CDK4/6激酶与细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1的相互作用,进而使CDK4/6无法对Rb进行磷酸化,导致转录因子E2F不能被释放,触发细胞周期阻滞,使AML患者的Treg细胞具备抗凋亡特性,造成外周Treg的积聚,从而推动AML细胞的免疫逃逸。本研究初步阐明SENEX基因调控Treg细胞凋亡的信号转导通路及分子作用机制,为儿童AML的防治提供了新的靶点。其他SENEX基因对AML患者Treg细胞生物学特性的影响及具体机制还有待进一步深入研究。

NOTES

*通讯作者。

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