NICU早产儿院内转运护理质量现况调查

Current Situation Survey of Nursing Quality for Intra-Hospital Transport of Preterm Infants in NICU

摘要: 目的：调查某区域三甲医院NICU早产儿院内转运护理质量，识别薄弱环节，分析结构指标与结果指标的关联，为质量改进提供依据。方法：便利抽样选取5家河北三甲医院PICU及新生儿科医护人员50名，采用已验证的《NICU早产儿院内转运护理质量评价体系》，运用模糊综合评价法评分，通过描述性统计、组间比较和Pearson相关性分析评估质量水平及指标关联。结果：护理质量综合得分88.3分，评价“较好”；过程指标得分最高，结构指标与结果指标次之；二级指标中“转运后工作”得分最高，“不良事件发生率”最低；三级指标仅“转运过程总耗时”为“一般”。Pearson分析显示，转运培训落实率、风险评估体系完善与不良事件发生率负相关；医护比、高职称人员参与率与转运耗时负相关；培训落实率与家属满意度正相关。亚组分析显示，护士与医师在部分评分有差异，工作年限 ≥ 10年者评分更高。结论：NICU早产儿院内转运护理质量整体较好，但转运效率和不良事件防控需改进；结构指标完善直接影响结果指标，应聚焦人员配置、培训和风险评估，优化质量管控。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the quality of in-hospital transfer care for preterm infants in the NICU of a tertiary hospital in a certain region, identify weak links, analyze the correlation between structural indicators and outcome indicators, and provide a basis for quality improvement. Methods: A con-venience sampling method was used to select 50 healthcare professionals from the PICU and neo-natology departments of 5 tertiary hospitals in Hebei Province. The validated “NICU In-Hospital Transfer Care Quality Evaluation System for Premature Infants” was employed, and scores were calculated using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Descriptive statistics, intergroup comparisons, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to assess quality levels and indicator cor-relations. Results: The comprehensive nursing quality score was 88.3, rated as “fairly good.” Process indicators scored the highest, followed by structural and outcome indicators. Among secondary in-dicators, “post-transfer work” scored the highest, while “adverse event incidence rate” scored the lowest. The tertiary indicator “total transfer time” was rated as “average”. Pearson analysis revealed that the implementation rate of transfer training and the completeness of the risk assessment sys-tem were negatively correlated with the incidence of adverse events. The nurse-to-medical staff ra-tio and the participation rate of highly qualified personnel were negatively correlated with transfer time. The implementation rate of training was positively correlated with family satisfaction. Sub-group analysis showed differences in scores between nurses and physicians, with those with ≥10 years of experience scoring higher. Conclusion: The overall quality of in-hospital transfer care for preterm infants in the NICU is fair, but improvements are needed in transfer efficiency and adverse event prevention. The completeness of structural indicators directly affects outcome indicators, and efforts should focus on personnel allocation, training, and risk assessment to optimize quality con-trol.