老年人体温变化的研究进展
Recent Advances in Body Temperature Changes among Older Adults
DOI: 10.12677/acm.2026.1631128, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 蒋雨珊, 黄文祥*：重庆医科大学附属第一医院老年医学科，老年疾病研究与转化实验室，重庆
关键词: 体温；老年人；测量部位；昼夜节律；Body Temperature； Older Adults； Measurement Site； Circadian Rhythm
摘要: 体温是人体关键的生命体征，其准确测量对于医学诊断和健康管理至关重要。本综述旨在探讨影响体温，特别是老年人体温的主要因素，希望能给以后建立更适合老年人的体温评估标准，提供点理论上的参考。文章首先追溯了“正常体温是37.0℃”这一传统概念的起源，重新审视了Wunderlich的经典研究，并将其方法与结论与现代临床测温方式进行比较。随后，综述系统阐述了影响体温的若干关键因素，重点分析了测量部位与昼夜节律对体温读数的显著影响，并深入探讨了老年人的体温调节变化，如基础体温降低和昼夜波动幅度减弱等特征。此外，本文还关注了新兴的可穿戴连续体温监测技术在老年健康管理中的应用潜力，并总结了COVID-19大流行期间关于老年人群发热反应不典型的研究进展。最终得出结论：传统的单一正常体温标准不适用于老年人，未来应结合动态监测与个体化体温基线，根据老年人的生理特点，构建更科学的体温评估与发热判断的方法。
Abstract: Body temperature is a key vital sign, and its accurate measurement is essential for medical diagnosis and health management. This review aims to explore the primary factors influencing body temperature, particularly in older adults, with the goal of providing a theoretical reference for establishing more suitable temperature assessment standards for this population. The article first traces the origin of the traditional concept of a “normal” body temperature of 37.0˚C, re-examining Wunderlich’s seminal work and comparing his methodology and conclusions with modern clinical thermometry techniques. Subsequently, the review systematically elaborates on several key factors affecting body temperature, focusing on the significant impact of measurement site and circadian rhythm on temperature readings. It also delves into age-related thermoregulatory changes in older adults, such as a lower baseline body temperature and diminished amplitude of daily fluctuations. Furthermore, this article discusses the potential of emerging wearable continuous body temperature monitoring technology in geriatric health management and summarizes research advances regarding atypical febrile responses in the older adult population during the COVID-19 pandemic. It concludes that the traditional single standard of normal temperature is not applicable to older adults. Future efforts should focus on integrating continuous monitoring with individualized baselines to develop a more scientific framework for temperature assessment and fever detection that accommodates the physiological characteristics of older individuals.
文章引用：蒋雨珊, 黄文祥. 老年人体温变化的研究进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(3): 3225-3232. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1631128

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