中葡人称代词系统的对比研究——以附着语素的不对称性为中心

A Contrastive Study of Personal Pronoun Systems in Chinese and Portuguese—Centering on the Asymmetry of Clitic Personal Pronouns

摘要: 本研究旨在系统对比葡萄牙语与中文人称代词系统的异同，重点探讨葡萄牙语中特有的附着人称代词范畴在汉语中的缺失及其引发的跨语言不对称性，为双语交互提供理论支撑。本文采用对比语言学研究方法，以形态分类框架及代词定义为理论基础，通过对中葡典型人称代词句式及系统构成的定性分析，从形态、句法及语义三个维度进行剖析。研究发现，葡萄牙语附着代词在变体、位置及形态方面展现出高度的灵活性；而汉语作为孤立语，代词形态极度稳定，缺乏附着范畴。理解中葡代词系统的不对称有助于优化自然语言处理算法中的判别逻辑，并能有效解释二语习得中的母语负迁移现象。未来研究可结合大规模平行语料库，进一步定量分析中葡指称补偿机制的转换规律。

Abstract: This research aims to systematically compare the similarities and differences between the personal pronoun systems of Portuguese and Chinese, focusing on Portuguese clitic personal pronouns that are absent in Chinese, and the cross-linguistic asymmetry this creates, thereby providing theoretical support for bilingual interaction. Employing contrastive linguistics methodology and grounded in morphological classification frameworks and pronoun definitions, this study conducts a qualitative analysis of typical Chinese and Portuguese personal pronoun constructions and systemic structures. It examines these phenomena across three dimensions: morphology, syntax, and semantics. Findings reveal that Portuguese clitic pronouns exhibit high flexibility in case variants, position, and morphology. In contrast, as an isolating language, Chinese features extremely stable pronoun morphology and lacks a clitic category. Understanding this asymmetry between the Chinese and Portuguese pronoun systems aids in optimizing the discrimination logic within natural language processing algorithms and effectively explains the phenomenon of negative transfer from the native language in second language acquisition. Future research may leverage large-scale parallel corpora to quantitatively analyze the transformation patterns of referential compensation mechanisms between Chinese and Portuguese.