《太平诏书》俗字研究

Research on Folk Characters in Taiping Imperial Edicts

摘要: 《太平诏书》为太平天国早期官方刊刻文献，其用字形态保存了较为丰富的俗字材料。本文以1852年新刻本为研究对象，穷尽式整理俗字135个，并据构形特征划分为简化、换用、增繁、易位与笔画变异五类。在构形方面，重点分析构件替代、形近混淆与笔画变异三种变化类型，比较其在构件与笔画层面上的差异。在成因方面，结合书写实践、刊刻条件、俗写传统及制度背景加以综合考察。研究表明，《太平诏书》俗字的形成体现出构形规律与历史条件的共同作用，其中构件替代与类推作用具有重要影响。

Abstract: As an early officially printed document of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Taiping Imperial Edicts preserves a wealth of materials regarding folk characters. Taking the 1852 newly printed edition as the research object, this paper exhaustively compiles 135 folk characters and classifies them into five categories based on their morphological features: simplification, substitution, complication, transposition, and stroke variation. At the morphological level, the study focuses on three major variation types—component substitution, visual confusion of similar forms, and stroke variation—comparing their differences at both the component and stroke levels. In terms of formative causes, it conducts a comprehensive investigation by examining factors such as writing practices, printing conditions, folk writing traditions, and the institutional background. The research indicates that the formation of folk characters in the Taiping Imperial Edicts reflects the combined effect of morphological rules and historical conditions, among which component substitution and the analogical mechanism play a significant role.