牛蒡子中天然有效成分对缓解肝纤维化的 作用及机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects and Mechanisms of Natural Active Components in Arctium lappa L. on Alleviating Hepatic Fibrosis

摘要: 肝纤维化(Hepatic Fibrosis, HF)是指肝脏对急性或慢性肝损伤的一种常见反应，与高发病率和死亡率密切相关。细胞外基质(ECM)在慢性肝损伤过程中会持续沉积，最终会替代正常肝细胞而形成纤维化。目前暂无治疗肝纤维化的特效药，但有报道证明其存在逆转的可能。牛蒡子是一种药食同源的植物，源于菊科草本植物牛蒡的干燥成熟果实。多个报道说明从牛蒡根中提取的主要天然药理活性成分包括牛蒡苷(Arctiin, ARC)、牛蒡子苷元(Arctigenin, ARC-G)及多糖类等具有抑制肿瘤细胞活性、抗菌、抗病毒、抗氧化应激反应、抗炎等一系列生物活性。且牛蒡子类天然药物已经在其他体外实验及体内机体组织中表现出抗纤维化活性。本文对牛蒡子中有效天然成分缓解肝纤维化的研究进行综述，以期为临床应用牛蒡子中天然有效成分对治疗肝纤维化提供依据和参考。

Abstract: Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is a common pathological response of the liver to acute or chronic liver injury, and it is closely associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. During chronic liver injury, the excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) ultimately replaces normal hepatocytes, leading to the formation of fibrosis. At present, there is no specific drug for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis, but several studies have demonstrated the possibility of its reversal. Arctium lappa L. is a plant with both medicinal and edible values, and its dried ripe fruits are the medicinal part of this herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Arctium of the Asteraceae family. Arctiin (ARC), arctigenin (ARC-G) and polysaccharides are the main pharmacologically active components in Arctium lappa L., which exhibit a series of biological activities including antiproliferation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antivirus and antitumor effects. Moreover, natural medicines derived from Arctium lappa L. have been shown to possess antifibrotic activity in other in vitro experiments and in vivo tissues. This paper reviews the research progress on the alleviatory effects of natural active components from Arctium lappa L. on hepatic fibrosis, aiming to provide evidence and references for the clinical application of these components in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.