营养调控和抗冷促根措施对龙陵县冷凉烟区烟株生长发育的影响

Influence of Nutritional Regulation and Cold-Resistant Root-Promotion Measures on the Growth and Development of Tobacco Plants in Longling’s Cold Tobacco Area

摘要: 目的：为了解决龙陵烟区烟株前期生长环境低温多雨导致的根系发育不良、养分吸收利用率低、烟株生长发育迟缓的问题。方法：采用大田试验方法，研究营养调控结合抗冷促根对烟株早生快发和烤后烟叶产质量的影响。结果：就地下地上部分生物量而言，营养调控处理后，龙新烟区以生物有机肥处理相对最高，象达烟区以黄腐酸钾处理相对最高；促根处理后，龙新烟区以生根菌剂处理相对最高，象达烟区以氨基酸处理效果最佳。就产值量而言，营养调控处理后，龙新和象达两个烟区均表现为黄腐酸钾和生物有机肥优于有机无机复混肥；促根处理后，龙新和象达烟区产量均表现为黄腐酸钾 > 有机无机复混肥 > 生物有机肥，产值均表现为低温保护剂 > 氨基酸灌根 > 生根菌剂 > 常规处理。结论：营养调控结合促根对烟株早生快发效果较为明显，总体以生物有机肥处理和黄腐酸钾处理的经济效果较好，低温保护剂处理促根效果较好。烤后烟叶化学成分协调性以黄腐酸钾处理和氨基酸处理最优，其次是生物有机肥处理。营养调控和促根措施能有效提高土壤肥力，改善土壤结构。

Abstract: Purpose: To address poor root development, low nutrient absorption, and slow early growth of tobacco plants caused by low temperatures and excessive rainfall during the early growth stage in Longling tobacco areas. Method: Field experiments explored how nutritional regulation combined with cold resistance and root promotion affects early growth and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Results: Regarding above-ground and below-ground biomass, after nutritional regulation treatment, organic fertilizer yielded the highest relative increase in Longxin, while potassium humate was most effective in Xiangda. After root-promoting treatment, the root-stimulating bacteria treatment led to the highest relative increase in Longxin, while the amino acid treatment performed best in Xiangda. In terms of output value, after nutritional regulation treatment, potassium humate and organic fertilizer outperformed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer in both Longxin and Xiangda. After root promotion treatment, outputs in both areas ranked: potassium humate > organic-inorganic fertilizer > organic fertilizer; output values followed: low-temperature protectant > amino acid drip > root-stimulating bacteria > conventional treatment. Conclusion: Nutritional regulation combined with root promotion significantly improves early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants. Overall, organic fertilizer and potassium humate treatments provide better economic effects, while low-temperature protectants excel in root promotion. The chemical component coordination of flue-cured tobacco leaves was optimal with potassium fulvate treatment and amino acid treatment, followed by biological organic fertilizer treatment. Nutritional regulation and root promotion effectively improve soil fertility and structure.