信息源类型与词义解释类型协同影响幼儿的选择性信任：机制与展望

The Synergistic Influence of Information Source Type and Word Meaning Explanation Type on Young Children’s Selective Trust: Mechanisms and Prospects

摘要: 在信息时代，幼儿面临多元信息源的挑战，其选择性信任能力成为早期社会认知与学习的关键。现有研究多孤立探讨信息源类型(“谁在说”)与词义解释类型(“怎么说”)的影响，缺乏对二者协同作用的考察。本综述提出，信息源与解释质量通过协同作用共同塑造幼儿的信任判断，并构建“双线索加工模型”，阐明幼儿如何动态权衡社会–媒介线索与内容质量线索，并依据认知负荷在启发式与系统性加工路径间切换。分析表明，高质量解释可能补偿弱信息源的可信度，高权威信息源或能缓冲低质解释的信任损耗，但相关交互效应仍缺乏直接实证证据。未来需通过多因子实验直接检验交互作用，并借助跨文化比较与神经科学技术深化机制探索，从而开发整合性的教育干预方案，支持幼儿在复杂信息环境中的理性判断与健康成长。

Abstract: In the information age, young children face challenges from diverse information sources, making their ability of selective trust crucial for early social cognition and learning. Existing research often examines the effects of information source type (“who says it”) and word meaning explanation type (“how it is explained”) in isolation, lacking investigation into their synergistic impact. This review proposes that information source and explanation quality jointly shape young children’s trust judgments through synergistic effects. We construct a “dual-cue processing model” to clarify how children dynamically weigh social-media cues and content quality cues, and switch between heuristic and systematic processing pathways based on cognitive load. The analysis suggests that high-quality explanations may compensate for the credibility of weak information sources, while high-authority information sources may buffer the trust loss caused by low-quality explanations. However, direct empirical evidence for such interaction effects remains scarce. Future research should directly examine these interactions through multi-factor experimental paradigms and deepen mechanistic exploration with cross-cultural comparisons and neuroscientific techniques, thereby developing integrated educational intervention programs to support young children’s rational judgment and healthy development in complex information environments.